5 10 106 https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/5a07f13b82cb9a9661b4dd8db66814b8.jpg 3f3cb6c8b1c008e25021cb67a1287f3e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dynalogic Collection Description An account of the resource Dynalogic Corporation was among the first Canadian microcomputer manufacturers. Founded by C. Murray Bell in 1973 in Ottawa, it initially focused on the design of floppy disk systems and interfaces for minicomputers and desk-top calculators. In 1975, Dynalogic embarked on the design of a firmware controlled, microprocessor-based floppy disk system that could be interfaced with a range of minicomputers via the industry standard RS-232C interface. The result of these design and development efforts--the Series 7000 DynaTermDisk--was shown at the 1975 Canadian Computer Show. In 1976, the company moved into the general-purpose computer market. On October 1, 1976, it announced the Dynalogic Microcomputer System (DMS) -- an advanced microcomputer that employed Motorola's 6800 processor. The DMS was among the earliest microcomputers with built-in floppy disk drives. It operated under a sophisticated proprietary DYNAMO operating system (designed by Donald C. Lindsay). The first DMS was delivered to Algonquin College of Technology in Ottawa in fall of 1976. Other DMS systems were sold in Canada, the U.S., and Europe. In 1981, Bytec Management Corp. took over Dynalogic. In the same year the work had begun on the design of a portable desktop microcomputer--the Hyperion--and continued in a new Bytec subsidiary called Dynalogic Info-Tech. The Hyperion was unveiled at the 1982 spring Comdex computer show in Atlantic City as the "most powerful, portable, business computer in the world'' compatible with the IBM PC. The first Hyperions were manufactured in January of 1983 and retailed at US $4,955. The sales continued throughout 1983 and 1984 in Canada and the U.S. Acquisition: The objects in the collection have been donated by Walter Banks, Murray Bell, Diane Bruce, Dan Cohow, Robert S. Elliot, Terence Gordon, Don C. Lindsay, Brian Mahoney, Dennis Mullin, and Zbigniew Stachniak. HARDWARE <ul> <li>Dynalogic Microcomputer System (DMS), model 7042B</li> <li>Dynalogic Microcomputer System (DMS), model 7042C</li> <li>Dynalogic Microcomputer System (DMS), model 7082</li> <li>Dynalogic disk drive system, model 4002B</li> <li>Hyperion microcomputer</li> <li>Hyperion Ex [Hyperion expansion unit]</li> <li>Acoustic Cups for Hyperion [data communication]</li> <li>HyperRam [Hyperion memory module by Technovation]</li> <li>Hyperaccess (by Technovation)</li> </ul> SOFTWARE <ul> <li>DYNAMO 2.0/DO/32K, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 21 November 1977</li> <li>DYNAMO 2.0/D1/24K, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 21 November 1977</li> <li>DynaBASIC 2.0/AO, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 21 November 1977</li> <li>Dynalogic Advanced Programming Package, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1977</li> <li>Forms Entry, Source, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 25 January, 1978</li> <li>Dynalogic Advanced Programming Package 2.0, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 May 1978</li> <li>DYNAMO 2.3, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 July 1978</li> <li>DynaBASIC I 2.1/E4, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 March 1979</li> <li>DynaBASIC I 2.1/E5, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 March 1979</li> <li>Structured DynaBASIC I Preprocessor 1.0, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 31 May 1979</li> <li>DYNAMO 2.4, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 31 March 1979</li> <li>DYNAMO 3.1, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 October 1979</li> <li>DMS Utility Programs, 1979</li> <li>DYNAMO 3.1, Diagnostic Programs, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 July 1980</li> <li>IN:SCRIBE [for the Hyperion], Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp., 1982</li> <li>IN:TOUCH [for the Hyperion], Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp., 1982</li> <li>LOTUS 123 [for the Hyperion], Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp. and Lotus Development Corp., 1983</li> <li>LOTUS 123, System Backup for the Hyperion, Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp. and Lotus Development Corp., 1983</li> <li>LOTUS 123, utility software for the Hyperion, Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp. and Lotus Development Corp., 1983</li> <li>LOTUS 123 PrintGraph for the Hyperion, Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp. and Lotus Development Corp., 1983</li> <li>LOTUS 123 Tutorial for the Hyperion, Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp. and Lotus Development Corp., 1983</li> <li>DOS, EDLIN [DOS 1.25 for the Hyperion], Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp. and Microsoft Corp., 1982, 1983</li> <li>Hyperion DOS(2.11), ver. 00, rev. 00, Compterm Inc., 1 July 1984</li> <li>BASICA, Assembler [for the Hyperion], Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp. and Microsoft Corp., 1982, 1983</li> <li>Aladin [for the Hyperion], Bytec Management Corp. and ADI America Inc., 1983</li> <li>Various Hyperion related software</li> <li>Source codes of various Dynalogic software including DYNAMO operating system</li> </ul> MANUALS, GUIDES, REPORTS <ul> <li>Dynalogic Microcomputer System Manual, release 1.1, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 December, 1976, printed between 12 October and 1 December, 1976</li> <li>MICRO BASIC I, USERS MANUAL, Ryan-McFarland Corp., 1976</li> <li>How to use DYNAMO, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 November, 1977</li> <li>How To Use The EDITOR, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 December, 1977</li> <li>MICRO BASIC I, reference card, Ryan-McFarland Corp. and Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1977(?)</li> <li>How To Use DYNAMO, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 16 January, 1978</li> <li>How To Use DYNAMO: User Manual, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 July, 1978</li> <li>Advanced Programming Package, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 May, 1978</li> <li>How To Use The EDITOR, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 October, 1978</li> <li>Structured DynaBASIC I Preprocessor, preliminary blurb, version 1J, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1979</li> <li>How To Use DynaBASIC I, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 February, 1979</li> <li>How to Use the Laboratory Microcomputer System (LMS), Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 March, 1979</li> <li>Structured DynaBASIC I Preprocessor, preliminary blurb, version 1F, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 5 March, 1979</li> <li>R2.4PAK: Interface from DynaBASIC I to DYNAMO R2.4 addendum to How to Use DynaBASIC I, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 May, 1979</li> <li>How To Use DynaSCRIPT, Preliminary, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 25 May, 1979</li> <li>How To Use DynaMENU Application Program Shell, Preliminary, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., June 1979</li> <li>How to use DYNAMO, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 October, 1979</li> <li> Dynalogic Microcomputer System (DMS) Model 7042B Documentation Package, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 October, 1979</li> <li>How To Use DynaSCRIPT, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 November, 1979</li> <li> Disk Controller PCB, schematic diagrams and board layouts, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 7 Nov.--4 Dec., 1979</li> <li>How To Use DynaSORT, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 7 December, 1979</li> <li>Additional SCRED Features, SCRED Addendum, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd.(?), 18 December, 1979</li> <li>DMS Memory Tests, SCRED Addendum, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 January, 1980</li> <li>DYNAMO Operating System: Introduction to the Source, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., March 1980</li> <li>How To Use The LSI-11 DynaSTOR, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 2 September 1980</li> <li>Floppy Diskette Controller (FDC) Product Specification, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 30 June 1980</li> <li>Style Manual for Assembler Programming, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd.(?), 12 January, 1981</li> <li>How To Use DYNAMO: User Manual, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 16 February, 1981</li> <li>How to Use DynaBASIC D, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 February, 1981</li> <li>Floppy Diskette Controller (FDC) To Dynalogic Microcomputer System (DMS) Interface Specification, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 March 1981</li> <li>How To Use The LSI-11 DynaSTOR, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 May 1981</li> <li>Hyperion, IN:TOUCH, Guide, ver. 00, published by Dynalogic Info-Tech Corporation, 1 June, 1983</li> <li>Hyperion, IN:TOUCH, Guide, ver. 00, rev. 01, Dynalogic Info-Tech Corporation, published by Bytec Management Corp., 10 October, 1983</li> <li>Hyperion, IN:SCRIBE Guide, ver. 00, published by Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp., 1 June, 1983</li> <li>Hyperion, IN:SCRIBE Guide, ver. 00, rev. 01, published by Bytec Management Corp., 1 August, 1983</li> <li>Hyperion, Multiplan, Electronic Worksheet, Microsoft Corp. and Dynalogic Info-Tech Corporation, 1982</li> <li>Hyperion, Setup Guide, ver. 00, rev. 04, published by Bytec Management Corp., 8 August, 1983</li> <li>Hyperion User Guide MS-DOS/EDLIN, ver. 00, rev. 04, published by Bytec Management Corp., 5 September, 1983</li> <li>Hyperion Programmer Guide, ver. 00, rev. 03, published by Bytec Management Corp., 1983</li> <li> LOTUS 123 User's Manual for the Hyperion Business Computer, Lotus Development Corp., Release 1A, 1983</li> <li>LOTUS 123 Quick Reference for the Hyperion Business Computer, Lotus Development Corp., Release 1A, 1983</li> <li>Hyperion Technical Reference Guide, Bytec Management Corp., ver. 00, rev. 00, 15 November, 1983</li> <li>Hyperion Aladin Guide, Bytec Management Corp.(?), 1983</li> <li>Hyperion DOS(2.11) Guide, ver. 00, rev. 00, Compterm Inc., 1 July 1984</li> <li>Acoustic Cup Installation Instructions, 2 pages</li> </ul> CORPORATE DOCUMENTS <ul> <li>Introduction to: word processing software, note by (?) 26 September, 1976, 3 pages</li> <li> D.M.S. Release 2.0 Specifications (preliminary), Dynalogic Corporation Ltd. (?), 16 March, 1977, 3 pages</li> <li>Memo on Bubble/CCD Possibilities , Dynalogic Corporation Ltd. (?), 24 January, 1978, 3 pages</li> <li>Converting to DYNAMO 2.1 (preliminary), Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1978(?), 1 page</li> <li>Mount/Dismount Questions , note, D. Lindsay(?) 16 January 1979, 2 pages</li> <li>DIFFERENCES: DYNAMO 2.4 from 2.3, note by D. Lindsay (?), 13 March, 1979, 3 pages [in DYNAMO source]</li> <li>Memory Swapping for DynaBASIC-D note, D. Lindsay(?) 9 August, 1979, 3 pages</li> <li>DIFFERENCES: DYNAMO 3.1 from 2.4, note by D. Lindsay (?), 28 September, 1979, 7 pages [in DYNAMO source]</li> <li>DYNALOGIC Ethernet , note by (?) 2 January 1980, 2 pages</li> <li>DIFFERENCES: DYNAMO 4.0 from 3.1, note by D. Lindsay (?), 16 February, 1980, 8 pages [in DYNAMO source]</li> <li>Engineering Project Codes, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 2 September 1980, 10 pages</li> <li>DYNAMO: Chronology and Statistics , Donald C. Lindsay, three versions dated: February 1981 [included in DYNAMO Source], 2 pages; August 1981, 3 pages; May 1982, 3 pages</li> <li>Proposal to Mitel: Voice Mail, Dynalogic Corporation, 28 August 1981, 5 pages</li> <li>DIFFERENCES: DYNAMO 4.1 from 4.0, note by D. Lindsay (?), 14 August, 1981, 2 pages; another note dated 27 August, 1981, 2 pages</li> <li>DIFFERENCES: DYNAMO 4.2 from 4.1, note by D. Lindsay (?), 18 March, 1982, 1 page</li> <li>A letter to F. Mozer by D. Lindsay regarding Voice Mail, 1 October, 1981, 2 pages</li> <li>A letter from F. Mozer to D. Lindsay regarding Voice Mail, 25 October, 1981, 1 page</li> <li>Technical Evaluation: Context Management Systems, memo by D. Lindsay, file context 3, 29 March, 1982, 1 page</li> <li>Product Definition -- DYNACOM 2000 Series, rev. 1, Dynalogic, January(?) 1982(?), 17 pages</li> <li>Hyperion Editor Key Mapping , memo by P. Matthews to G.K. Holman, 3 September, 1982</li> <li>Status of Hyperion Editor Project, 4 October, 1982 to 23 January, 1983, 5 notes by D. Lindsay (?)</li> <li>A letter from Maurice Jolicoeur, Vice President of Sales and Marketing, Bytec, to Hyperion owners regarding the change of company name from Dynalogic to BYTEC -- HYPERION Division, July (?) 1983</li> <li>A formal announcement of the merger of Bytec Management Corp. and Comterm Inc. to form Bytec-Comterm Inc., January(?) 1984</li> </ul> PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS <ul> <li>Dynalogic Microcomputer System, System Summary [for series 7032/7042 DMS], brochure, 2 pages, 1977(?)</li> <li>DYNAMO Diskette Operating System, Software Summary, brochure, 2 pages, 1977(?)</li> <li>DynaBASIC I Compiler, Software Summary, brochure, 2 pages, 1977(?)</li> <li>Laboratory Microcomputer System System Summary, Dynalogic, 2 pages, 1979</li> <li>DYNAMO Diskette Operating System Software Summary, Dynalogic, 2 pages, 1979</li> <li>DynaBASIC I Compiler Software Summary, Dynalogic, 2 pages, 1979</li> <li>DynaBASIC L Compiler, Dynalogic, 2 pages, 1979</li> <li>Structured DynaBASIC Preprocessor, Dynalogic, 2 pages, 1979</li> <li>Advanced Programming Package (APP), Dynalogic, 2 pages, 1979</li> <li>Software Licensing Policy, Dynalogic, 1 page, 1979</li> <li>Price List: Dynalogic Microcomputer System (DMS), 2 pages, 1979</li> <li>Price List: Dynalogic Licensed Software and manuals, 1 page, 1979</li> <li>Hyperion, The Most Powerful, Portable, Business Computer in the World promotional brochure, Dynalogic Info-Tech, 1982(?), 2 pages [shows an older production model of Hyperion]</li> <li>Hyperion, The Most Powerful, Portable, Business Computer in the World promotional brochure, Dynalogic Info-Tech, 1982(?), 8 pages [shows an older production model of Hyperion]</li> <li>Hyperion, Making Decisions Has Never Bees So Easy promotional brochure, Dynalogic Info-Tech, 1982(?), 8 pages [shows the final production model of Hyperion]</li> <li>Hyperion, Making Decisions Has Never Bees So Easy promotional brochure, Dynalogic Info-Tech, 1982(?), 2 pages</li> <li>Hyperion, promotional brochure [possibly] distributed during the 1982 spring Comdex computer show in Atlantic City, booth number 1843, Dynalogic Info-Tech, 1982(?), 5 pages</li> <li>Hyperion: Tested Software, July/August 1983, published by Compterm Inc. [list of software available for the Hyperion], 6 pages</li> <li>A letter from Stephen J. McGill, Vice President, Percom Publishing, to Hyperion owners regarding the introduction of the Hyperion PC Magazine, 1983(?)</li> <li>Hyperion price list from Compumart, Ottawa, 2 pp (198?)</li> <li>Hyperion retail price list, Ottawa, 2 pp (May 1983)</li> </ul> ORAL HISTORIES <ul> <li>Interview with Murray Bell, Ottawa, October 2000 (analogue cassette recording)</li> </ul> BOOKS, RESEARCH PAPERS, ARTICLES, NEWS LETTERS <ul> <li>B. Foster and B. Southern, A College Microcomputer Facility, BYTE April 1978, pp. 90--96</li> <li>D.C. Lindsay, DYNALOGIC LOG, 3 volumes, 1976--1983</li> <li>D. Thomas, The Sale of a New Machine, Quest, November 1983, pp. 32d--32n</li> <li>D. Thomas, Knights of the New Technology. The Inside Story of Canada's Computer Elite, Key Porter Books, 1983, pp. 165--183></li> <li>R. Laver, Random Excess: The Wild Ride of Michael Cowpland and Corel, Viking Penguin, 1998, pp. 44--51</li> <li>Z. Stachniak, The Making of the MCM/70 Microcomputer, IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 25, issue 2 (April-June 2003), pp. 62--75</li> <li> THUG TIPS The Official Newsletter of the Toronto Hyperion Users Group (THUG) , Toronto, November 1985</li> <li> HUGO NEWS: Newsletter for the HYPERION USERS GROUP OF OTTAWA, Ottawa, 1985--1988</li> <li>Various newspaper and magazine articles on Dynalogic</li> <li>Hyperion PC magazine, vol. 1, nr. 1 (1984)</li> </ul> OTHER <ul> <li>M6800 Linking Loader Reference Manual, M68PRM(D), Motorola Inc., October 1976</li> <li>M6800 Programming Reference Manual, M68PRM(D), Motorola Inc., November 1976</li> <li>M6800 Co-Resident Assembler Reference Manual, M68CRA(D), Motorola Inc., November 1976</li> <li>M6800 Micro Assembler Reference Manual, M68ASM(D), Motorola Inc., February 1977</li> <li>DYNAMO 2.0: Material for Blurb, note by D. Lindsay, 7 September 1977</li> <li>M6800 Resident Assembler Reference Manual, M68CRA(D2), Motorola Inc., May 1979</li> <li>Micro BASIC I Users Manual, Ryan-McFarland Corp., 1976</li> <li>Document folder, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd</li> <li>Design drawing of the Hyperion case (by David Kelly?), color photocopy</li> <li>LOTUS 123 Customer Assurance Plan, Bytec Management Corp., 1983</li> <li>Purchase receipt for Hyperion issued by Le magasin Xerox, Montreal, 25 October, 1984</li> <li>Hyperion pin</li> <li>Assorted paper documents related to custom software developed for the DMS system.</li> <li>Various source codes of Dynalogic software for the DMS systems</li> <li>Various Aladin related documents</li> </ul> Subject The topic of the resource <img src="http://museum1.eecs.yorku.ca/www_decorations/dynalogic_logo.jpg" alt="MCM_logo" width="15%" height="15%" border="0" /> The collection documents the microcomputer development activities at Dynalogic Corp. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Zbigniew Stachniak Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hyperion EX chassis Subject The topic of the resource computer hardware: extension module Description An account of the resource Historical Context In 1973, C. Murray Bell incorporated Dynalogic Corporation in Ottawa to design, develop, and manufacture floppy disk drive systems that could be interfaced with a range of computers and programmable calculators. The floppy diskette systems shipped up to mid-1975 had hardwired controllers designed to work with specific computers. This solution was costly since different computer models typically required different floppy drive controllers that would have to be designed and assembled. In 1975, the company entered the microprocessor market with its release of a firmware controlled, microprocessor-based floppy disk system that could be interfaced with a range of computers. The new floppy drive system could be programmed to operate with a specific computer instead of building a dedicated controller to provide such functionality. The system was unveiled at the 1975 Canadian Computer Show & Conference. In the following year, the company moved into the general-purpose computer market. On October 1, 1976, it announced the Dynalogic Microcomputer System (DMS) — an advanced microcomputer that employed the Motorola 6800 processor. The DMS was among the earliest microcomputers with built-in floppy disk drives. It operated under a sophisticated UNIX-style proprietary DYNAMO operating system. In 1981, Bytec Management Corp. took over Dynalogic, renamed it Dynalogic Info-Tech, and initiated the work on the design of a portable desktop microcomputert — the Hyperion. The computer was unvailed at the 1982 spring Comdex computer show in Atlantic City as the ``most powerful, portable, business computer in the world'' compatible with the imensly popular IBM PC introduced in August of 1981. Because the Hyperion was designed to be IBM PC compatible,  hardware configurations of both the Hyperion and the IBM PC were similar. However, in March 1983, soon after the Hyperion appeared on the market, IBM released an improved version of its PC—the XT—with new hardware features such as an internal hard drive and eight expansion slots, features not offered by the Hyperion. To remain competitive, Bytec Management Corp.—the manufacturer of the Hyperion—announced the Hyperion EX expansion chassis the following month. The Expansion Chassis provided room for up to seven IBM compatible expansion cards, and a 5, 10, or 20 Mbyte hard disk. The EX expansion chassis directly connected to the Hyperion's expansion connector located at the back of the computer.  It not only provided so needed hard drive storage and expansion slots but it also allowed the use of sophisticated operating systems such as QNX. The Hyperion EX was released in late 1983. The data concerning the unit in the museum's collection is given below. Model number: 4001 Serial number:  437 Manufacturing date: October, 1984 Installed hardware: <ul> <li>20 Mbyte MiniScribe hard drive,</li> <li>Mountain hard drive controller card,</li> <li>512 Kbytes RAM card,</li> <li>US Robotics MICRO-LINK 2400 modem card, Rev. B,</li> <li>Async I/O card, SIB8408,</li> <li>Bytec Hyperion I/O Interface card, PWA 100075-00</li> </ul> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Donated by George Brown College, Toronto Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-85 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Bytec https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/a2e64e06afea4c1d9e03fb7deb893f9b.jpg c070ffe2b7774e42fcf4d0132ec47d24 https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/cb8ee02ab575f2e7d59405c498d4c284.jpg cb50ac1cb157173bbbaecc14bda4f04a https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/7eefc0e51a869377a578b54d3ffa6e17.jpg afeac60568ddb5cde6e9a8fc8ff87ba7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dynalogic Collection Description An account of the resource Dynalogic Corporation was among the first Canadian microcomputer manufacturers. Founded by C. Murray Bell in 1973 in Ottawa, it initially focused on the design of floppy disk systems and interfaces for minicomputers and desk-top calculators. In 1975, Dynalogic embarked on the design of a firmware controlled, microprocessor-based floppy disk system that could be interfaced with a range of minicomputers via the industry standard RS-232C interface. The result of these design and development efforts--the Series 7000 DynaTermDisk--was shown at the 1975 Canadian Computer Show. In 1976, the company moved into the general-purpose computer market. On October 1, 1976, it announced the Dynalogic Microcomputer System (DMS) -- an advanced microcomputer that employed Motorola's 6800 processor. The DMS was among the earliest microcomputers with built-in floppy disk drives. It operated under a sophisticated proprietary DYNAMO operating system (designed by Donald C. Lindsay). The first DMS was delivered to Algonquin College of Technology in Ottawa in fall of 1976. Other DMS systems were sold in Canada, the U.S., and Europe. In 1981, Bytec Management Corp. took over Dynalogic. In the same year the work had begun on the design of a portable desktop microcomputer--the Hyperion--and continued in a new Bytec subsidiary called Dynalogic Info-Tech. The Hyperion was unveiled at the 1982 spring Comdex computer show in Atlantic City as the "most powerful, portable, business computer in the world'' compatible with the IBM PC. The first Hyperions were manufactured in January of 1983 and retailed at US $4,955. The sales continued throughout 1983 and 1984 in Canada and the U.S. Acquisition: The objects in the collection have been donated by Walter Banks, Murray Bell, Diane Bruce, Dan Cohow, Robert S. Elliot, Terence Gordon, Don C. Lindsay, Brian Mahoney, Dennis Mullin, and Zbigniew Stachniak. HARDWARE <ul> <li>Dynalogic Microcomputer System (DMS), model 7042B</li> <li>Dynalogic Microcomputer System (DMS), model 7042C</li> <li>Dynalogic Microcomputer System (DMS), model 7082</li> <li>Dynalogic disk drive system, model 4002B</li> <li>Hyperion microcomputer</li> <li>Hyperion Ex [Hyperion expansion unit]</li> <li>Acoustic Cups for Hyperion [data communication]</li> <li>HyperRam [Hyperion memory module by Technovation]</li> <li>Hyperaccess (by Technovation)</li> </ul> SOFTWARE <ul> <li>DYNAMO 2.0/DO/32K, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 21 November 1977</li> <li>DYNAMO 2.0/D1/24K, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 21 November 1977</li> <li>DynaBASIC 2.0/AO, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 21 November 1977</li> <li>Dynalogic Advanced Programming Package, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1977</li> <li>Forms Entry, Source, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 25 January, 1978</li> <li>Dynalogic Advanced Programming Package 2.0, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 May 1978</li> <li>DYNAMO 2.3, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 July 1978</li> <li>DynaBASIC I 2.1/E4, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 March 1979</li> <li>DynaBASIC I 2.1/E5, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 March 1979</li> <li>Structured DynaBASIC I Preprocessor 1.0, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 31 May 1979</li> <li>DYNAMO 2.4, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 31 March 1979</li> <li>DYNAMO 3.1, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 October 1979</li> <li>DMS Utility Programs, 1979</li> <li>DYNAMO 3.1, Diagnostic Programs, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 July 1980</li> <li>IN:SCRIBE [for the Hyperion], Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp., 1982</li> <li>IN:TOUCH [for the Hyperion], Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp., 1982</li> <li>LOTUS 123 [for the Hyperion], Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp. and Lotus Development Corp., 1983</li> <li>LOTUS 123, System Backup for the Hyperion, Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp. and Lotus Development Corp., 1983</li> <li>LOTUS 123, utility software for the Hyperion, Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp. and Lotus Development Corp., 1983</li> <li>LOTUS 123 PrintGraph for the Hyperion, Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp. and Lotus Development Corp., 1983</li> <li>LOTUS 123 Tutorial for the Hyperion, Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp. and Lotus Development Corp., 1983</li> <li>DOS, EDLIN [DOS 1.25 for the Hyperion], Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp. and Microsoft Corp., 1982, 1983</li> <li>Hyperion DOS(2.11), ver. 00, rev. 00, Compterm Inc., 1 July 1984</li> <li>BASICA, Assembler [for the Hyperion], Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp. and Microsoft Corp., 1982, 1983</li> <li>Aladin [for the Hyperion], Bytec Management Corp. and ADI America Inc., 1983</li> <li>Various Hyperion related software</li> <li>Source codes of various Dynalogic software including DYNAMO operating system</li> </ul> MANUALS, GUIDES, REPORTS <ul> <li>Dynalogic Microcomputer System Manual, release 1.1, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 December, 1976, printed between 12 October and 1 December, 1976</li> <li>MICRO BASIC I, USERS MANUAL, Ryan-McFarland Corp., 1976</li> <li>How to use DYNAMO, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 November, 1977</li> <li>How To Use The EDITOR, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 December, 1977</li> <li>MICRO BASIC I, reference card, Ryan-McFarland Corp. and Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1977(?)</li> <li>How To Use DYNAMO, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 16 January, 1978</li> <li>How To Use DYNAMO: User Manual, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 July, 1978</li> <li>Advanced Programming Package, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 May, 1978</li> <li>How To Use The EDITOR, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 October, 1978</li> <li>Structured DynaBASIC I Preprocessor, preliminary blurb, version 1J, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1979</li> <li>How To Use DynaBASIC I, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 February, 1979</li> <li>How to Use the Laboratory Microcomputer System (LMS), Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 March, 1979</li> <li>Structured DynaBASIC I Preprocessor, preliminary blurb, version 1F, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 5 March, 1979</li> <li>R2.4PAK: Interface from DynaBASIC I to DYNAMO R2.4 addendum to How to Use DynaBASIC I, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 May, 1979</li> <li>How To Use DynaSCRIPT, Preliminary, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 25 May, 1979</li> <li>How To Use DynaMENU Application Program Shell, Preliminary, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., June 1979</li> <li>How to use DYNAMO, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 October, 1979</li> <li> Dynalogic Microcomputer System (DMS) Model 7042B Documentation Package, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 October, 1979</li> <li>How To Use DynaSCRIPT, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 November, 1979</li> <li> Disk Controller PCB, schematic diagrams and board layouts, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 7 Nov.--4 Dec., 1979</li> <li>How To Use DynaSORT, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 7 December, 1979</li> <li>Additional SCRED Features, SCRED Addendum, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd.(?), 18 December, 1979</li> <li>DMS Memory Tests, SCRED Addendum, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 January, 1980</li> <li>DYNAMO Operating System: Introduction to the Source, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., March 1980</li> <li>How To Use The LSI-11 DynaSTOR, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 2 September 1980</li> <li>Floppy Diskette Controller (FDC) Product Specification, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 30 June 1980</li> <li>Style Manual for Assembler Programming, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd.(?), 12 January, 1981</li> <li>How To Use DYNAMO: User Manual, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 16 February, 1981</li> <li>How to Use DynaBASIC D, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 February, 1981</li> <li>Floppy Diskette Controller (FDC) To Dynalogic Microcomputer System (DMS) Interface Specification, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 March 1981</li> <li>How To Use The LSI-11 DynaSTOR, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 May 1981</li> <li>Hyperion, IN:TOUCH, Guide, ver. 00, published by Dynalogic Info-Tech Corporation, 1 June, 1983</li> <li>Hyperion, IN:TOUCH, Guide, ver. 00, rev. 01, Dynalogic Info-Tech Corporation, published by Bytec Management Corp., 10 October, 1983</li> <li>Hyperion, IN:SCRIBE Guide, ver. 00, published by Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp., 1 June, 1983</li> <li>Hyperion, IN:SCRIBE Guide, ver. 00, rev. 01, published by Bytec Management Corp., 1 August, 1983</li> <li>Hyperion, Multiplan, Electronic Worksheet, Microsoft Corp. and Dynalogic Info-Tech Corporation, 1982</li> <li>Hyperion, Setup Guide, ver. 00, rev. 04, published by Bytec Management Corp., 8 August, 1983</li> <li>Hyperion User Guide MS-DOS/EDLIN, ver. 00, rev. 04, published by Bytec Management Corp., 5 September, 1983</li> <li>Hyperion Programmer Guide, ver. 00, rev. 03, published by Bytec Management Corp., 1983</li> <li> LOTUS 123 User's Manual for the Hyperion Business Computer, Lotus Development Corp., Release 1A, 1983</li> <li>LOTUS 123 Quick Reference for the Hyperion Business Computer, Lotus Development Corp., Release 1A, 1983</li> <li>Hyperion Technical Reference Guide, Bytec Management Corp., ver. 00, rev. 00, 15 November, 1983</li> <li>Hyperion Aladin Guide, Bytec Management Corp.(?), 1983</li> <li>Hyperion DOS(2.11) Guide, ver. 00, rev. 00, Compterm Inc., 1 July 1984</li> <li>Acoustic Cup Installation Instructions, 2 pages</li> </ul> CORPORATE DOCUMENTS <ul> <li>Introduction to: word processing software, note by (?) 26 September, 1976, 3 pages</li> <li> D.M.S. Release 2.0 Specifications (preliminary), Dynalogic Corporation Ltd. (?), 16 March, 1977, 3 pages</li> <li>Memo on Bubble/CCD Possibilities , Dynalogic Corporation Ltd. (?), 24 January, 1978, 3 pages</li> <li>Converting to DYNAMO 2.1 (preliminary), Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1978(?), 1 page</li> <li>Mount/Dismount Questions , note, D. Lindsay(?) 16 January 1979, 2 pages</li> <li>DIFFERENCES: DYNAMO 2.4 from 2.3, note by D. Lindsay (?), 13 March, 1979, 3 pages [in DYNAMO source]</li> <li>Memory Swapping for DynaBASIC-D note, D. Lindsay(?) 9 August, 1979, 3 pages</li> <li>DIFFERENCES: DYNAMO 3.1 from 2.4, note by D. Lindsay (?), 28 September, 1979, 7 pages [in DYNAMO source]</li> <li>DYNALOGIC Ethernet , note by (?) 2 January 1980, 2 pages</li> <li>DIFFERENCES: DYNAMO 4.0 from 3.1, note by D. Lindsay (?), 16 February, 1980, 8 pages [in DYNAMO source]</li> <li>Engineering Project Codes, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 2 September 1980, 10 pages</li> <li>DYNAMO: Chronology and Statistics , Donald C. Lindsay, three versions dated: February 1981 [included in DYNAMO Source], 2 pages; August 1981, 3 pages; May 1982, 3 pages</li> <li>Proposal to Mitel: Voice Mail, Dynalogic Corporation, 28 August 1981, 5 pages</li> <li>DIFFERENCES: DYNAMO 4.1 from 4.0, note by D. Lindsay (?), 14 August, 1981, 2 pages; another note dated 27 August, 1981, 2 pages</li> <li>DIFFERENCES: DYNAMO 4.2 from 4.1, note by D. Lindsay (?), 18 March, 1982, 1 page</li> <li>A letter to F. Mozer by D. Lindsay regarding Voice Mail, 1 October, 1981, 2 pages</li> <li>A letter from F. Mozer to D. Lindsay regarding Voice Mail, 25 October, 1981, 1 page</li> <li>Technical Evaluation: Context Management Systems, memo by D. Lindsay, file context 3, 29 March, 1982, 1 page</li> <li>Product Definition -- DYNACOM 2000 Series, rev. 1, Dynalogic, January(?) 1982(?), 17 pages</li> <li>Hyperion Editor Key Mapping , memo by P. Matthews to G.K. Holman, 3 September, 1982</li> <li>Status of Hyperion Editor Project, 4 October, 1982 to 23 January, 1983, 5 notes by D. Lindsay (?)</li> <li>A letter from Maurice Jolicoeur, Vice President of Sales and Marketing, Bytec, to Hyperion owners regarding the change of company name from Dynalogic to BYTEC -- HYPERION Division, July (?) 1983</li> <li>A formal announcement of the merger of Bytec Management Corp. and Comterm Inc. to form Bytec-Comterm Inc., January(?) 1984</li> </ul> PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS <ul> <li>Dynalogic Microcomputer System, System Summary [for series 7032/7042 DMS], brochure, 2 pages, 1977(?)</li> <li>DYNAMO Diskette Operating System, Software Summary, brochure, 2 pages, 1977(?)</li> <li>DynaBASIC I Compiler, Software Summary, brochure, 2 pages, 1977(?)</li> <li>Laboratory Microcomputer System System Summary, Dynalogic, 2 pages, 1979</li> <li>DYNAMO Diskette Operating System Software Summary, Dynalogic, 2 pages, 1979</li> <li>DynaBASIC I Compiler Software Summary, Dynalogic, 2 pages, 1979</li> <li>DynaBASIC L Compiler, Dynalogic, 2 pages, 1979</li> <li>Structured DynaBASIC Preprocessor, Dynalogic, 2 pages, 1979</li> <li>Advanced Programming Package (APP), Dynalogic, 2 pages, 1979</li> <li>Software Licensing Policy, Dynalogic, 1 page, 1979</li> <li>Price List: Dynalogic Microcomputer System (DMS), 2 pages, 1979</li> <li>Price List: Dynalogic Licensed Software and manuals, 1 page, 1979</li> <li>Hyperion, The Most Powerful, Portable, Business Computer in the World promotional brochure, Dynalogic Info-Tech, 1982(?), 2 pages [shows an older production model of Hyperion]</li> <li>Hyperion, The Most Powerful, Portable, Business Computer in the World promotional brochure, Dynalogic Info-Tech, 1982(?), 8 pages [shows an older production model of Hyperion]</li> <li>Hyperion, Making Decisions Has Never Bees So Easy promotional brochure, Dynalogic Info-Tech, 1982(?), 8 pages [shows the final production model of Hyperion]</li> <li>Hyperion, Making Decisions Has Never Bees So Easy promotional brochure, Dynalogic Info-Tech, 1982(?), 2 pages</li> <li>Hyperion, promotional brochure [possibly] distributed during the 1982 spring Comdex computer show in Atlantic City, booth number 1843, Dynalogic Info-Tech, 1982(?), 5 pages</li> <li>Hyperion: Tested Software, July/August 1983, published by Compterm Inc. [list of software available for the Hyperion], 6 pages</li> <li>A letter from Stephen J. McGill, Vice President, Percom Publishing, to Hyperion owners regarding the introduction of the Hyperion PC Magazine, 1983(?)</li> <li>Hyperion price list from Compumart, Ottawa, 2 pp (198?)</li> <li>Hyperion retail price list, Ottawa, 2 pp (May 1983)</li> </ul> ORAL HISTORIES <ul> <li>Interview with Murray Bell, Ottawa, October 2000 (analogue cassette recording)</li> </ul> BOOKS, RESEARCH PAPERS, ARTICLES, NEWS LETTERS <ul> <li>B. Foster and B. Southern, A College Microcomputer Facility, BYTE April 1978, pp. 90--96</li> <li>D.C. Lindsay, DYNALOGIC LOG, 3 volumes, 1976--1983</li> <li>D. Thomas, The Sale of a New Machine, Quest, November 1983, pp. 32d--32n</li> <li>D. Thomas, Knights of the New Technology. The Inside Story of Canada's Computer Elite, Key Porter Books, 1983, pp. 165--183></li> <li>R. Laver, Random Excess: The Wild Ride of Michael Cowpland and Corel, Viking Penguin, 1998, pp. 44--51</li> <li>Z. Stachniak, The Making of the MCM/70 Microcomputer, IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 25, issue 2 (April-June 2003), pp. 62--75</li> <li> THUG TIPS The Official Newsletter of the Toronto Hyperion Users Group (THUG) , Toronto, November 1985</li> <li> HUGO NEWS: Newsletter for the HYPERION USERS GROUP OF OTTAWA, Ottawa, 1985--1988</li> <li>Various newspaper and magazine articles on Dynalogic</li> <li>Hyperion PC magazine, vol. 1, nr. 1 (1984)</li> </ul> OTHER <ul> <li>M6800 Linking Loader Reference Manual, M68PRM(D), Motorola Inc., October 1976</li> <li>M6800 Programming Reference Manual, M68PRM(D), Motorola Inc., November 1976</li> <li>M6800 Co-Resident Assembler Reference Manual, M68CRA(D), Motorola Inc., November 1976</li> <li>M6800 Micro Assembler Reference Manual, M68ASM(D), Motorola Inc., February 1977</li> <li>DYNAMO 2.0: Material for Blurb, note by D. Lindsay, 7 September 1977</li> <li>M6800 Resident Assembler Reference Manual, M68CRA(D2), Motorola Inc., May 1979</li> <li>Micro BASIC I Users Manual, Ryan-McFarland Corp., 1976</li> <li>Document folder, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd</li> <li>Design drawing of the Hyperion case (by David Kelly?), color photocopy</li> <li>LOTUS 123 Customer Assurance Plan, Bytec Management Corp., 1983</li> <li>Purchase receipt for Hyperion issued by Le magasin Xerox, Montreal, 25 October, 1984</li> <li>Hyperion pin</li> <li>Assorted paper documents related to custom software developed for the DMS system.</li> <li>Various source codes of Dynalogic software for the DMS systems</li> <li>Various Aladin related documents</li> </ul> Subject The topic of the resource <img src="http://museum1.eecs.yorku.ca/www_decorations/dynalogic_logo.jpg" alt="MCM_logo" width="15%" height="15%" border="0" /> The collection documents the microcomputer development activities at Dynalogic Corp. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Zbigniew Stachniak hardware A computer (or a calculator), its components and peripherals (displays, printers, pointing devices, modems, external storage devices, etc). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hyperion Personal Computer Subject The topic of the resource hardware: personal computer Description An account of the resource Historical Context Between November 1971 and April, 1972, Intel Corp. of Santa Clara, California, introduced its first two microprocessors — the 4-bit 4004 and the 8-bit 8008. Soon after, the prototypes of the first general purpose computers powered by microprocessors were already working on site at the French company Réalisations et Études Électroniques located in the suburbs of Paris, at Micro Computer Machines with headquarters situated on the outskirts of Toronto, and at Microsystems International Ltd. headquartered in Montreal. These and other firms fully recognized, articulated, and acted upon the immense potential of the budding microprocessor technology for the development of a new generation of cost effective computer hardware. In 1973, C. Murray Bell incorporated Dynalogic Corporation in Ottawa to design, develop, and manufacture floppy disk drive systems that could be interfaced with a range of computers and programmable calculators. The floppy diskette systems shipped up to mid-1975 had hardwired controllers designed to work with specific computers. This solution was costly since different computer models typically required different floppy drive controllers that would have to be designed and assembled. In 1975, the company entered the microprocessor market with its release of a firmware controlled, microprocessor-based floppy disk system that could be interfaced with a range of computers. The new floppy drive system could be programmed to operate with a specific computer instead of building a dedicated controller to provide such functionality. The system was unveiled at the 1975 Canadian Computer Show & Conference. In the following year, the company moved into the general-purpose computer market. On October 1, 1976, it announced the Dynalogic Microcomputer System (DMS) — an advanced microcomputer that employed the Motorola 6800 processor. The DMS was among the earliest microcomputers with built-in floppy disk drives. It operated under a sophisticated UNIX-style proprietary DYNAMO operating system. In 1981, Bytec Management Corp. took over Dynalogic, renamed it Dynalogic Info-Tech, and initiated the work on the design of a portable desktop microcomputert — the Hyperion. The computer was unvailed  at the 1982 spring Comdex computer show in Atlantic City as the ``most powerful, portable, business computer in the world''. In the same year, the computer was shown during the Canadian Computer Show  in Toronto and the fall COMDEX in Las Vegas. The Dynalogic Info-Tech Hyperion was one of the first 'luggable' computers compatible with the imensly popular IBM PC. The computer was hosted in a plastic case and featured a buit-in display and two diskette drives. Detachable keyboard slid inside the case for storage. Optional 300 bit/s modem and an acoustic coupler were available. The first Hyperions were manufactured in January of 1983 and retailed at US $4,955. The sales continued throughout 1983 and 1984 in Canada and the U.S. Several Hyperion user groups were formed across Canada including: <ul> <li>Calgary Hyperion User Group (CHUG), Calgary, AB</li> <li>Hyperion User Group of BC, Richmond, BC</li> <li>Hyperion Users Group of Saskatoon, Saskatoon, SK</li> <li>Hyperion Users Group of Laurentian Uuniversity, Sudbury, ON</li> <li>Hyperion Users Group of Montreal, Montreal, QC</li> <li>Hyperion Users Group of Ottawa (HUGO), Nepean, ON</li> <li>Toronto Hyperion Users Group, Toronto, ON</li> <li>Welland Hyperion User's Group, Welland, ON.</li> </ul> Hardware: <ul> <li>CPU - Intel 8088,</li> <li>Math co-processor - Intel 8087 (optional),</li> <li>RAM - 256 Kbytes  (expandable to 640 Kbytes) ,</li> <li>ROM - 8 Kbytes,</li> <li>VRAM - 16 Kbytes,</li> <li>diskette drives: double sided double density, 360 Kbytes 5.25",</li> <li>display: 7-inch, amber, with built-in screen blanker;  display resolutions: 320x200, 320x250, 640x200, and 640x250,</li> <li>keyboard: QWERT, detachable,</li> <li>internal 300-baud modem opertaed under IN:TOUCH communication software (optional),</li> <li>hardware expandable using the Hyperion EX Expansion Unit.</li> </ul> Software/Guides: <ul> <li>DOS 1/25, EDLIN,  Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp. and Microsoft Corp., 1982, 1983,</li> <li>Hyperion DOS 2.11, ver. 00, rev. 00, Compterm Inc., 1 July 1984</li> <li>IN:SCRIBE, Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp., 1982,</li> <li>IN:TOUCH communication software,  Bytec-Comterm Inc., 1982,</li> <li>LOTUS 123, Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp. and Lotus Development Corp., 1983,</li> <li>LOTUS 123, System Backup for the Hyperion, Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp. and Lotus Development Corp., 1983,</li> <li>LOTUS 123, utility software for the Hyperion, Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp. and Lotus Development Corp., 1983,</li> <li>LOTUS 123 PrintGraph for the Hyperion, Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp. and Lotus Development Corp., 1983,</li> <li>BASICA Assembler, Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp. and Microsoft Corp., 1982, 1983,</li> <li>Aladin, Bytec Management Corp. and ADI America Inc., 1983.</li> </ul> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dynalogic Info-Tech, Bytec Management Corp. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-1985 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context H.31, H.44 Relation A related resource Dynalogic collection Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant North America, 1983-1985 Contribution Form The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form. Online Submission Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form. 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common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Images for Computer Hobby Movement in Canada Exhibit https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/ede7dfb79bed4edd3e91248bd669c561.jpg f569a95d6fda1a17c7da7fa69c59e395 https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/63b3116410259e7b41ceaad6b8c22440.jpg 8db9bfa528f14ab909529a96b3a2e704 https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/4ea4e1f14507e285e150d4f983a1e158.jpg ba88226685ea37b7c3eee2b0220d595d https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/81858bc0ef2a3c581b07ea81e1cbc2b2.jpg c070ffe2b7774e42fcf4d0132ec47d24 https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/d4a98e171f53b28983b08d0be8a3d892.jpg afeac60568ddb5cde6e9a8fc8ff87ba7 https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/764ec47969abc72f10edceb916c4f31b.jpg 3f3cb6c8b1c008e25021cb67a1287f3e Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Images of Dynalogic hardware Subject The topic of the resource hardware: photographs and digital images Description An account of the resource Photographs of hardware manufactured by Dynalogic Coproration and scans of images from Dynalogic promotional brochures. The images are of (left to right, top to bottom): Dynalogic Microcomputer System promotional brochure (c. 1976-77), Dynalogic DMS-8 microcomputer (c. 1976-1980), Dynalogic 4002B Dual Drive Unit (c. 1973-1980), Dynalogic Hyperion promotional photograph, 1984, Dynalogic Hyperion promotional brochure (front cover), 1984, Dynalogic Hyperion EX chassis, 1984. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dynalogic Info-Tech Corporation. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Dynalogic Info-Tech Corporation Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant North America, 1976-1984 Contribution Form The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form. Online Submission Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form. No letters https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/a40b08e81c9a8f7cdfdb6bafe5efab87.jpeg ecea5522bb20a5fbe612e639fc02d7ca https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/8a7ec97609b89e20375474ffd88b17bf.jpg 54715fe2b28fdebcdf4f059eaef4e1e2 https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/b60cb593634e1d98d5486cf0d48de1ef.jpg 1bb923319f8dcde745f9a33e6869a4bc https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/8b024921daba38f0abc304a1819fb6cd.jpg dc21dfbe9400f93480f68df3065c7f66 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource J.L.S. Computers Subject The topic of the resource computer hardware Description An account of the resource Historical context (by Z. Stachniak) The North American personal and home computer market of the late 1970s and early 1980s, witnessed a proliferation of manufacturers and rapid growth in computer sales. In 1980, Apple Computer sold 130,000 Apple ][s while Tandy sold 175,000 of its TRS-80 computers. By the end of 1982, there were over 800,000 Commodore VIC-20s world-wide. The sales reached the one million mark in early 1983. These numbers were particularly noteworthy when juxtaposed with the global sales of mini and mainframe computers during the same period. On August 12, 1981, IBM entered the personal computer market with its announcement of the Personal Computer (PC). Much to IBM's surprise, the business community, traditionally hesitant to adopt microcomputers, responded with overwhelming enthusiasm. By the close of 1981, IBM had sold tens of thousands of its PCs, facing challenges in keeping up with the escalating demand. The momentum persisted as IBM sold 538,000 PCs in 1983, a figure that more than doubled in the following year with sales climbing to 1,375,000 units (see [1]). The success of the IBM PC in the marketplace, coupled with its informal adoption as the de facto industry standard for business desktop computers, had a positive impact on software and hardware compatibility. Numerous software and hardware companies promptly capitalized on the PC's surging popularity and IBM's disclosure of the machine's design. IBM PC-compatible systems began cropping up everywhere, offering compatible functionality and performance at a lower price. However, the introduction of the IBM PC also had a detrimental effect on the diverse microcomputing landscape. Many computer manufacturers, opting to resist IBM's entry into the PC market and defend the unique hardware platforms of their computers, were forced out of the personal computer market or closed their doors altogether. By the mid-1980s, the vast and lucrative PC market became saturated with IBM PC-compatible computers and IBM PC clones — affordable microcomputers that were both hardware and software compatible with IBM PC (and later, IBM XT and AT) products. Possibly the earliest IBM PC compatible computers were manufactured by Compaq Computer Corp. in the U.S. (the Compaq Portable) and Dynalogic Info-Tech. in Canada (the Hyperion). These two companies were soon followed by a fast growing group of other manufacturers who were cloning not only the IBM PC hardware but also its case and documentation. In many cases, the only visual distinction between these IBM PC clones and the IBM PC was the absence of the `IBM PC' logo on the computer's case. Notably, even the documentation and packaging for these clones mimicked the style and packaging of the original IBM PC documentation. The Canadian PC cloning industry was particularly strong in Ontario, Quebec, and British Columbia. Compiling a comprehensive list of Canadian manufacturers of IBM clones proves challenging due to the clandestine nature of the industry. Many clones were offered with unauthorized copies of the Basic Input-Output System (BIOS) program compelling the "cloners" to conceal any traces that could reveal their identity. Nevertheless, the list of reputable cloners adhering to industry regulations is long and includes, among other manufacturers, Microelectronics (Richmond, BC), Aftek (North York, ON), Computech Micro Designs (Mississauga, ON), Dynalogic (Ottawa, ON), ECS Computers (Mississauga, ON), IDM Research Industries (Etobicoke, ON), COR BIT Computer Industries Ltd. (Toronto, ON), Dynasty (Mississauga, ON), Exceltronics Components and Computing (Toronto), HAL Computer Company (Toronto, ON), J.L.S. (Toronto, ON), Lanpar (Toronto, ON), Soltech Industries Inc. (Surrey, BC), Solare (Quebec, QC), and Universal Computer Systems (Montreal, QC). In 1983, Joe Loren Sutherland founded J.L.S. Research (later renamed as J.L.S. Computers) in Toronto while he was working at Exceltronix—a prominent electronic store in 1980s Toronto—repairing computer hardware. Sutherland began his professional carrier as an electrical designer and detailer working at Ontario Electric on lightning and power installations. Then came his involvement with film industry and photo-electric art during his studies at Toronto's Ontario College of Art. However, the rapid development of desktop and home computing industry turned Sutherland attention to computer hardware design. His first single-board computer was the result of the major redesign of the popular Big Board II single-board computer designed by Jim Ferguson. Operating under the CP/M operating system, Sutherland's computer seamlessly ran "classic" CP/M software, including the Wordstar word processor from MicroPro International Corp., the Supercalc spreadsheet from Sorcim Corp., and MBASIC from Microsoft. When it was offered in 1983, the J.L.S. board was arguably one of the most advanced and cost-effective Z80-based computers in the Canadian market. In a 1983 article titled "The Legend of J.L.S." published in Computing Now!, Steve Rimmer characterized Sutherland's company as follows: "J.L.S. Computers has the distinction of being the world's most unknown computer company. This, and possibly the distinction of making the world's best value in powerful, low cost computers." (see [2]) By the end of 1983, Sutherland had designed yet another comouter, this time producing an IBM PC compatible hardware — the J.L.S. OBM-100. The computer's design differed from that of the IBM, opting for readily available components, ultimately resulting in a more cost-effective desktop solution. The J.L.S. PC was functionally identical to the IBM PC, could be interfaced with PC-compatible peripherals and run all of the software developed for the IBM computer. Sutherland's  IBM PC-compatible motherboards, packed in IBM-look-alike cases, began appearing not only in Ontario but also beyond, with diverse model and company name stickers affixed to the cases. Manufacturers such as Aftek and HAL Computer were among those which built their products around Sutherland's clones of the IBM PC motherboard. In 1984, J.L.S. introduced a clone of the IBM XT — the second generation of IBM's PCs. It was the first made-in-Canada desktop compatible with the XT. The final product released by J.L.S. was the clone of the IBM AT motherboard offered by Sutherland in 1985. Museum Holdings: <ul> <li>J.L.S. OBM100 (IBM PC compatible motherboard), 1983,</li> <li>Aftek XT (J.L.S. IBM XT compatible motherboard designed for Aftek),</li> <li>64-256KB System Board (J.L.S. IBM XT compatible motherboard),</li> <li>J.L.S. AT board (IBM AT compatible unpopulated motherboard),</li> <li>HAL Computer memory/serial card,</li> <li>The JLS Single Board Computer: Assembly Instructions and User's Manual, JLS Research, March 1983,</li> <li>BIG BOARD II Assembly Manual, preliminary draft, Cal-Tex Computers, 198?</li> <li>Assembly and Instruction Manual for the HAL Computer and HAL Computer Memory, preliminary edition, HAL Computer, 1983.</li> </ul> References: [1] Cringely, R. X., Accidental Empires, Harper Business, 1996. [2] Rimmer, S., The Legend of J.L.S., Computing Now!, August 1983. [3] Rimmer, S., The Further Legend of J.L.S., Computing Now!, December 1983. [4] Rimmer, S., Fables of Three Blue Clones, Computing Now!, June  1984. [5] Campbell, S. and Stachniak, Z., Computing in Canada: Building a Digital Future, Canada Science and Technology Museum Transformation Series 17, 2009. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource J.L.S. Computers Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Canada, 1983-1985 https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/338bd9988382dc02f8ce5bddab52cde6.png 0fe7cc6f703bca479f40628e53da15a4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kobo eReader Subject The topic of the resource hardware: e-reader Description An account of the resource Historical context (by Z. Stachniak) Possibly the earliest attempt to create a publicly accessible digital library of books was Project Gutenberg, initiated by Michael S. Hart in 1971. Initially, its Electronic Public Library texts were stored in plain ASCII format on a Xerox Sigma V mainframe computer at the Materials Research Laboratory at the University of Illinois.    The Project Gutenberg Philosophy is to make information, books and other materials available to the general public in     forms [such as ASCII] a vast majority of the computers, programs and people can easily read, use, quote, and search.     [M. Hart, The History and Philosophy of Project Gutenberg, 1992.] Project Gutenberg reached its 1,000th e-book in 1996, and by 2025 the collection had grown to more than 75,000 titles. The privatization of the Internet and the creation of the World Wide Web in the mid-1990s offered an opportunity to sell e-books online. Bibliobytes, one of the earliest online e-book distribution sites, was founded in 1993 and offered both free and commercial e-books over the Internet. In Canada, Bookshelf.ca—the country’s first online bookstore—opened in 1995 in Guelph, Ontario. The e-book reading era had begun. The popularization of personal digital gadgets in the consumer electronics market—beginning with handheld calculators and pagers, and later including mobile phones, personal digital assistants, and handheld and tablet computers—made the creation of dedicated portable e-reading devices, known as e-readers, the next logical step in the development of e-book services. The first e-readers appeared in the late 1990s. The NuvoMedia Rocket eBook and the SoftBook Reader were introduced in 1998. Sony released the Librie in 2004, the first commercial e-reader to use an electronic paper display (E Ink) developed by E Ink Corporation. In 2007, Amazon launched the original Kindle, inaugurating a highly successful line of e-readers. By 2010, more than 200 mainstream and niche companies were offering e-reading devices, including Toronto-based Kobo Inc., which introduced its Kobo eReader that year. In 2025, the e-reader market was dominated by Amazon Kindle, with Rakuten Kobo maintaining a strong presence in Canada, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific regions. The market was estimated at around USD 8.5 billion, with forecasts predicting steady growth throughout the decade, driven by continued consumer demand for digital reading formats and portable, eye-friendly screens. Emerging trends—such as larger color E Ink displays and a range of AI features that expand the use of these devices beyond traditional reading—further blurred the lines between e-readers and digital notebooks and tablets. Kobo Inc. The Kobo eReader was launched by Kobo Inc. on March 24, 2010, with first deliveries scheduled for May of that year. However, the origins of the device date back to 2006, when Canadian entrepreneur Michael Serbinis joined Indigo Books and Music, Canada’s largest bookstore chain. Since joining Indigo, Serbinis had been developing the idea of a mobile web-based e-reading service that would allow authors and publishers to offer their texts as e-books, while enabling consumers to access and read their selections in a “device-neutral” way anytime, anywhere, on any device. In the end, such a platform—Shortcovers—was launched by Indigo in 2009. Michael Tamblyn, who was hired by Serbinis that year, played a key role in the Shortcovers venture, bringing a wealth of experience as a co-founder of Bookshelf.ca, Canada’s first online bookstore (acquired by Indigo in 1998). Less than a year after going live, Shortcovers was providing e-content in Adobe EPUB format to customers in over 200 countries. It offered e-reading applications for a wide range of devices, including Apple iPhone, RIM BlackBerry, Palm Pre, Google Android smartphones, as well as Apple and PC desktops, and any e-reader compatible with EPUB format, such as the Barnes & Noble Nook or Sony Reader. On December 15, 2009, with funding from Indigo, Borders Group, Inc. (U.S.), Cheung Kong Holdings (Hong Kong), and REDGroup Retail (Australia, New Zealand, and Singapore), Shortcovers formally spun out from Indigo to operate under the name Kobo, Inc., with Michael Serbinis as CEO. The rebranded company continued its cross-platform e-book service approach, expanding its platform with additional smartphone, desktop, and tablet reading software, and introducing its own dedicated e-reader devices. It built a strong consortium of investors, publishers, retailers, and device manufacturers worldwide, establishing a global e-reading service with a distribution network covering the U.S., Canada, the U.K., the European Union, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, and other regions.    We believe consumers want choice, and the freedom to read on any device. Building great eReading applications and     partnering with leading device manufacturers is a recipe for success in this quickly growing market. [Michael Serbinis, 2010] The first Kobo e-reader was launched on March 24, 2010, with initial deliveries in May of that year. An upgraded version, the Kobo WiFi, was released in October. Sales of Kobo's e-readers through retail outlets such as Indigo, Future Shop, and Borders were strong, generating close to $100 million in revenue during the first year alone . In 2011, Kobo was acquired by Rakuten Group, Inc., a Japanese technology conglomerate based in Tokyo, while Kobo’s headquarters remained in Toronto. With Rakuten’s network of over 50 million customers worldwide, Kobo was able to expand internationally more quickly. Three years later, Michael Serbinis stepped down as Kobo’s CEO and was succeeded by Takahito Aiki, with Michael Tamblyn becoming president. In 2016, Tamblyn replaced Aiki as Kobo’s CEO. Over the years, Kobo has continually enhanced its e-readers through software and hardware improvements, releasing a wide variety of devices listed below. Kobo eReader The Kobo eReader was a black-and-white device featuring a 6-inch, 8-tone grayscale E Ink screen. It was designed without Wi-Fi connectivity; instead, titles in EPUB or PDF formats had to be downloaded to a desktop using an appropriate Kobo desktop application and then transferred to the e-reader using a USB cable. Kobo e-books could also be loaded over Bluetooth from a compatible PC or smartphone. The device offered 1 GB of storage, less than other e-readers such as Kindle (2 GB). It could store up to 1,000 e-books and came preloaded with 100 public domain titles. Storage could be expanded by up to 4 GB using an SD card. Although the Kobo eReader lacked some of the features found in other e-readers, it was inexpensive ($150 at launch) and praised for its responsive and intuitive e-reading interface, as well as several unique design choices. Most buttons were positioned on the side to reduce accidental presses, while a large blue four-way navigation button on the front allowed for easy page navigation. The device featured a quilted rubber backing to improve grip and prevent it from sliding off surfaces. The Kobo eReader was designed by  Ian Barlow, Pamela Hilborn, Jeff Howard, and Tai Toh with engineering support from  Fred Atangan Robert Beghian, Lee Chew, Louis-Philippe Gagnon, Sameer Hasan, Nazuk Jain, Dan Leibu, Jean-Philippe Lemieux, David Lifshitz, and Sergey Perunov. Kobo e-readers 2010-2024 (after: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobo_eReader) <table> <tbody> <tr style="background-color: lightblue;"> <th>NAME</th> <th>MODEL</th> <th>DATE of release</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo eReade</th> <th>N416</th> <th>May 2010</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo WiFi</th> <th>N289</th> <th>October 2010</th> </tr> <tr> <th>obo Touch</th> <th>N905</th> <th>May 2011</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Glo</th> <th>B613</th> <th>September 2012</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Mini</th> <th>N705</th> <th>September 2012</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Aura HD</th> <th>N204B</th> <th>April 2013</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Aura</th> <th>N514</th> <th>August 2013</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Aura H2O</th> <th>N250</th> <th>October 2014</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Glo HD</th> <th>N437</th> <th>May 2015</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Touch 2.0</th> <th>N587</th> <th>September 2015</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Aura Edition 2</th> <th>N236</th> <th>September 2016</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Aura One</th> <th>N709</th> <th>September 2016</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Aura H2O Edition 2</th> <th>N867</th> <th>May 2017</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Clara HD</th> <th>N249</th> <th>June 2018</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Forma</th> <th>N782</th> <th>October 2018</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Libra H2O</th> <th>N873</th> <th>September 2019</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Nia</th> <th>N306</th> <th>July 2020</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Elipsa</th> <th>N604</th> <th>June 2021</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Libra 2</th> <th>N418</th> <th>October 2021</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Sage</th> <th>N778</th> <th>October 2021</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Clara</th> <th>N506</th> <th>September 2022</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Elipsa 2E</th> <th>N605</th> <th>Mid 2023</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Libra Colour</th> <th>N428</th> <th>April 2024</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Clara BW</th> <th>N365</th> <th>April 2024</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Clara Colour</th> <th>N367</th> <th>April 2024</th> </tr> </tbody> </table> Kobo eReader, technical specifications <ul> <li>display: 6-inch E Ink display with 8 level grayscale; 600x800 resolution</li> <li>display formats:  ePub and PDF</li> <li>fonts: 5 font sizes and two types: Georgia (serif) and Trebuchet (sans-serif)</li> <li>processor: Freescale Semiconductor (?)</li> <li>memory: 1 GB; SD card slot up to 4 GB</li> <li>storage capacity: up to 1000 eBooks</li> <li>connectivity: USB and Bluetooth (with selected smartphones and tablets)</li> <li>battery life: up to 8,000 page turns (approx. 2 weeks)</li> <li>dimensions: 120mm x 184mm x 10mm.</li> <li>weight: 221g</li> </ul> Museum holdings <ul> <li>Kobo eReader, model N416 and its documentation,</li> <li>Kobo Desktop Application, Mac OS Setup, Kobo Inc., 2010,</li> <li>Kobo Desktop Application, Windows Setup, Kobo Inc., 2010,</li> <li>Kobo eReader User Guide,  Kobo Inc., 2010,</li> <li>Kobo eReader Quick Start Guide,  Kobo Inc., 2010.</li> </ul> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kobo Inc., 364 Richmond Street West, Suite 300, Toronto, Canada. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2010 -- e-reader https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/1abbdd30e9b8181b49c4cae3e6ef30a2.jpg 947a979f62deb7779b887378d567a97e hardware A computer (or a calculator), its components and peripherals (displays, printers, pointing devices, modems, external storage devices, etc). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource LANPAR Personal Computer Description An account of the resource Historical context: LANPAR Technologies Inc. (also known as Les Technologies LANPAR Inc.), was a company founded in 1970 (as LANPAR Ltd.) by Rene Pardo in Markham, Ontario. Six years later, the company changed its name to LANPAR Technologies Inc. Prior to LANPAR's incorporation, Pardo and Remy Landau developed the first commercial electronic spreadsheet and named it LANPAR (LANguage for Programming Arrays at Random). Until the early 1980s, LANPAR was Canada's largest independent distributor of computer terminals. Its main line of business was the sale, rental, and service of computer terminals (mostly the products of Digital Equipment Corporation) and printers. Between 1982 and 1988, the company was involved in the distribution and manufacturing of personal computers. In 1982 and 1983, the company was selling the Osborne 1 computer (developed by California-based Osborne Computer Corp.) through Osborne Canada owned by LANPAR. Before the introduction of its own IBM XT-compatible computer--the LANPAR PC--in 1986, the company was also distributing IBM PC and -XT compatible computers from the American AT&T and Eagle Computer manufacturers. As a service-oriented company, LANPAR offered their services in most major Canadian cities (it had 15 service centers in 1986). The highly competitive PC market of the 1980s eventually forced the company to shift its corporate focus to sales and service of PC networking products. The company was dissolved in January 2003. LANPAR PC technical specifications: <ul> <li>CPU: NEC D8088D, 16-bit, 5MHz</li> <li>ROM: BIOS by Phoenix Technologies Ltd.</li> <li>RAM: up to 640KB</li> <li>hard-drive: 20 MB (optional)</li> <li>keyboard - IBM-style</li> <li>display: choice of 12" monochrome or composite monitor</li> <li>external storage: one or two 5.25" floppy disk drives</li> <li>ports: serial and parallel</li> <li>expansion slots: 8</li> </ul> Upgrade options: <ul> <li>8087 coprocessor</li> <li>IBM XT-style keyboard</li> <li>integrated tape back-up unit</li> <li>13" full-color monitor</li> <li>communication board</li> </ul> Software: <ul> <li>operating system: MS-DOS 3.2</li> <li>optional software: the computer's IBM XT compatibility allowed to use a large library of software written for the IBM XT platform.</li> </ul> The museum has a LANPAR Personal Computer model LPC, serial number L610206, with a keyboard.  It is equipped with two floppy disk drives,  a parallel port card, a monochrome graphic and printer card,  and a floppy disk controller card. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource LANPAR Technologies Inc. Subject The topic of the resource hardware: personal computer Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Canada, 1986-88 Lanpar personal computer https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/21ae2475976da116694342f8e8dab444.png e29677600e3ea1c4398fc7affc069f47 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mathatron calculator at York University Description An account of the resource Historical context (Z. Stachniak) The commercialization of the transistor in the first half of the 1950s had a dramatic impact on the decade-old computer industry. The all-transistor computers were offered as early as 1953 and, by the end of the 1950s, all major computer manufacturers were building transistorized machines. Similar shift to solid-state technology was made across consumer electronics industry (for example, in the mid-1950s, all-transistor radios quickly began to replace large and bulky vacuum tubes-based radio sets). Despite clear advantages that solid-state electronics had to offer to calculator manufacturers (if built, transistor-based calculators would be smaller, quieter, more versatile, and virtually maintenance free when compared with the traditional desktop electro-mechanical calculators), the calculator industry was much slower in adopting the new technology. Calculator manufacturers were quite reluctant to venture into electronics when no competitors, even those with electronics divisions (such as Olivetti, Burroughs, Sony, and Canon), were putting any electronic calculators on the market. They were simply unwilling to go against their main core products that still delivered corporate wealth and prestige, they had no desire to invest substantial resources into concurrent divisions of electronic calculators that would internally compete with their best-performing divisions of electro-mechanical calculators. It was not until the early 1960s that the first solid-state calculators appeared on the consumer market and almost instantly gained consumer acceptance. While most of the early electronic calculators supported only rudimentary arithmetic operations with, in some cases, one or two memory registers for storing intermediate results, several firms introduced calculators with functionality that went far beyond that. The execution of short sequences of instructions (programs) was the most notable of these new features. Programs for such calculators could be keyed-in by an operator or read from an external storage media (such as punch cards) and, then executed as many times as desired by a single press of a key. Mathatronics Mathatron Massachusetts-based company Mathatronics Inc. introduced its programmable calculator Mathatron in 1964. In comparison with ordinary calculators of the era, the Mathatron offered programming of complex mathematical formulas. The calculator was equipped with a printer that recorded entered programs as well as outputs of their execution. A special learn-repeat feature of the Mathatron allowed to store a program and reuse it as many time as required during a calculation session. In March 1964, Computers and Automation reviewed the Mathatron referring to it as a "unique desk-top size electronic digital computer." Mathatronics sold several models of its calculator: <ul> <li>Model 4-24 with 4 memory registers and program length of up to 24 steps,</li> <li>Model 8-48 with 8 memory registers and program length of up to 48 steps,</li> <li>Model 8-48S (Statistical Model) with 8 memory registers and program length of up to 48 steps,</li> <li>Model 8-48E (Civil Engineering Model) with 8 memory registers and program length of up to 48 steps,</li> <li>Model 8-48M (Mathematician' Model) with 8 memory registers and program length of up to 48 steps.</li> </ul> Models 8-48 offered several built-in scientific routines that could be selected using a built-in dial and pressing the "ENTER" switch located next to the dial. These routines could be executed separately or incorporated into programs. Mathatron at York University In the mid-1960s, York was rapidly growing and establishing new key departments. In 1965, Ralph W. Nicholls joined York University from the University of Western Ontario to form a new Department of Physics. In the same year, he became founding director of York's Centre for Research in Experimental Space Science (CRESS, later renamed the Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science) that quickly gained prominence in North America. Unfortunately, York's first computer--the IBM System/360 Model 30--was only installed in November 1966 and, until then, CRESS members had to rely on calculators and computer resources offered by the University of Toronto. It was Nicholls who brought a Mathatron to CRESS. The calculator served calculating needs of both faculty and graduate students throughout the 1960s and 70s. It's use was under strict control. The instructions attached to CRESS' Mathatron read: <ol> <li>The use of this machine is restricted to CRESS staff members.</li> <li>CRESS Graduate Students must get permission from Dr. G.R. Hebert to use machine until they have indicated some proficiency in its use.</li> <li>Others must have the explicit permission from Dr. G.R. Hebert each time the Mathatron is to be used.</li> <li>Please fill in log book every time the Mathatron is used.</li> <li>Do not remove manuals from this location.</li> <li>In case of doubt regarding the operation of the Mathatron consult a) manuals b) G.R. Hebert, Room 205."</li> </ol> Museum's holdings <ul> <li>Mathatron 8-48, serial nr. 385,</li> <li>Mathatron calculator desk,</li> <li>Mathatron auxiliary program storage control unit.</li> </ul> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mathatronics Inc. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource introduced in 1964 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context H9 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant This calculator was in use at York University, Toronto, in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Subject The topic of the resource hardware: programmable calculator Contribution Form The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form. Online Submission Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form. No https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/5f0c1cd21ed61a557ae9b74ea24ca960.jpg bbd490207408c3b824c721702aad2d2f hardware A computer (or a calculator), its components and peripherals (displays, printers, pointing devices, modems, external storage devices, etc). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Matrox Alt-256**2 computer graphics card Subject The topic of the resource hardware: computer graphics card Description An account of the resource Matrox Electronic Systems was established in Montreal in 1976 at the peak of the North American computer hobby movement and the beginning of the rapid growth of the microcomputer market. Co-founders Lorne Trottier and Branko Matić identified an opportunity to expand the microcomputing market into video interfaces, providing microcomputers with graphic display capabilities. The company's first product, Video RAM (1976), was a specialized video-display device, which interfaced with a computer system to display computer-generated alphanumeric data stored in the device's RAM. The device's success generated the revenue necessary for the development of subsequent products. Among these were the MTX-1632 Video RAM and the ALT-series video graphics controllers. With the release of these devices, Matrox pioneered the graphics card add-on market for microcomputers. By 1978, Matrox offered a diverse line of advanced CRT display controllers, which could be used in various combinations supported with a wide choice of display formats, character sets, TV standards, display resolutions, bus compatibility, etc. According to Matrox 1978 product catalogue, "Matrox displays have been used in more than 10,000 installations in every imaginable operation: from ground control displays for the Viking mission to Mars to hobby displays." The following year, Matrox began to supply system integrators on Wall Street with a line of financial information display products. One of them, the Quad Video, powered four monitors becoming the first single-board hardware to provide multi-display support. This groundbreaking product established Matrox as the first graphics company to provide display solutions to the financial and business markets. In the 1980s, the company embarked on designing and manufacturing a range of graphics products for a variety of computer bus standards. Matrox also expanded its operations to include the production of microcomputers, such as the CCB-7 MACS and the MAP-2000 Super Microcomputer. Throughout the 1990s, Matrox introduced several lines of high-quality graphics products, notably the Millennium graphics cards, while gradually shifting its focus towards specialized markets. In the early 1990s, the company split into three distinct divisions: Matrox Graphics, Matrox Video, and Matrox Imaging. Matrox Graphics was focused on delivering graphics solutions, Matrox Video specialized in markets for the broadcast industry and digital video editing solutions, while Matrox Imaging concentrated on component-level solutions for machine vision applications. By the turn of the century, Matrox emerged as a leading global digital imaging company, offering a broad spectrum of hardware choices supported with leading-edge software solutions. Its hardware and software products found applications across an extensive range of industries, spanning broadcast and media, education, enterprise, government, houses of worship, medical, military and defence, process control and utilities, security, and transportation sectors. In 2022, Matrox Graphics was absorbed into Matrox Video. Two years later, Matrox Imaging, was acquired by Zebra Technologies Corp. In 2024, Matrox provided this concise corporate profile: For over 45 years, Matrox has been synonymous with technology and innovation. A market leader in designing software and hardware solutions for Pro AV/IT, video, and imaging/machine vision applications, Matrox combines engineering excellence with deep industry expertise to deliver unique solutions that help our customers achieve their goals. Matrox has earned its reputation as industry leader by consistently meeting customer requirements for innovative technology and the highest manufacturing standards. Co-founded by Lorne Trottier in 1976, Matrox has pioneered a number of innovative hardware and software solutions for an array of high-tech industries. Today, we continue to be at the forefront of cutting-edge technology, working closely with our global stakeholders to solve specific real-world issues. [from https://www.matrox.com/en/about/matrox] Matrox 256**2 The ALT-256**2 was a computer graphics card designed for the industry standard S-100 bus. It was released in 1977 and offered graphics support for applications in areas such as computer aided design, business and education, etc. The card was supported with the MTX-GRAPH software package, which offerd commonly used low level graphics routines. From the "The Matrox ALT-256 Video Board, Product Description": The Matrox-256 represents one approach to high resolution graphics capabilities for the Altair (S-100) bus. Multiple board systems can be used for medical displays, research applications, pseudo color imaging, fast animated displays, computer aided design, sophisticated computer games and computer generated art. For Star Trek freak, now there is available a real (if imaginary) universe to save, rather than a slow printer banging our descriptions. For the artist, a canvas; the researcher, a window; and the kids, an electronic sketch pad. Matrox 256**2 Technical specifications <ul> <li>display: from 64 x 64 to 256 x 256 pixels, MTX GRAPH software selected, color or grayscale,</li> <li>display memory: 16KB dynamic RAM, sixteen Signteics 2660 dynamic RAM chips, 4096 x 1 bit each,</li> <li>video standard: American or European, jumper selectable,</li> <li>multiple board option: jumper selectable,</li> <li>software: MTX GRAPH.</li> </ul> The Museum holdings <ul> <li>Matrox 256**2, technical documentation, Matrox (1977),</li> <li>ALT-256-AS graphics board, 1979, with two paper tapes containing <ul> <li> MATROX 8080 Graphics Package, 1977</li> <li> Graphics Package Demo, 1977</li> </ul> </li> <li>The Matrox ALT-256 Video Board, Product Description, Byte Magazine (May 1978), pp.24-30,</li> <li>Matrox Microprocessor Displays, Catalogue, SF1, Matrox (April, 1978).</li> </ul> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Matrox Electronic Systems Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1977 Relation A related resource Matrox collection https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/ad7e72787880e0cb2188d5340babc707.jpg 730555e52068b7f91ca5be3443efab8f hardware A computer (or a calculator), its components and peripherals (displays, printers, pointing devices, modems, external storage devices, etc). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Matrox MGA Millennium Subject The topic of the resource Historical Context (by Z. Stachniak) Matrox Electronic Systems was established in Montreal in 1976 at the peak of the North American computer hobby movement and the beginning of the rapid growth of the microcomputer market. Co-founders Lorne Trottier and Branko Matić identified an opportunity to expand the microcomputing market into video interfaces, providing microcomputers with graphic display capabilities. The company's first product, Video RAM (1976), was a specialized video-display device, which interfaced with a computer system to display computer-generated alphanumeric data stored in the device's RAM. The device's success generated the revenue necessary for the development of subsequent products. Among these were the MTX-1632 Video RAM and the ALT-series video graphics controllers. With the release of these devices, Matrox pioneered the graphics card add-on market for microcomputers. By 1978, Matrox offered a diverse line of advanced CRT display controllers, which could be used in various combinations supported with a wide choice of display formats, character sets, TV standards, display resolutions, bus compatibility, etc. According to Matrox 1978 product catalogue, "Matrox displays have been used in more than 10,000 installations in every imaginable operation: from ground control displays for the Viking mission to Mars to hobby displays." The following year, Matrox began to supply system integrators on Wall Street with a line of financial information display products. One of them, the Quad Video, powered four monitors becoming the first single-board hardware to provide multi-display support. This groundbreaking product established Matrox as the first graphics company to provide display solutions to the financial and business markets. In the 1980s, the company embarked on designing and manufacturing a range of graphics products for a variety of computer bus standards. Matrox also expanded its operations to include the production of microcomputers, such as the CCB-7 MACS and the MAP-2000 Super Microcomputer. Throughout the 1990s, Matrox introduced several lines of high-quality graphics products, notably the Millennium and Mistique graphics cards, while gradually shifting its focus towards specialized markets. In the early 1990s, the company split into three distinct divisions: Matrox Graphics, Matrox Video, and Matrox Imaging. Matrox Graphics was focused on delivering graphics solutions, Matrox Video specialized in markets for the broadcast industry and digital video editing solutions, while Matrox Imaging concentrated on component-level solutions for machine vision applications. By the turn of the century, Matrox emerged as a leading global digital imaging company, offering a broad spectrum of hardware choices supported with leading-edge software solutions. Its hardware and software products found applications across an extensive range of industries, spanning broadcast and media, education, enterprise, government, houses of worship, medical, military and defence, process control and utilities, security, and transportation sectors. In 2022, Matrox Graphics was absorbed into Matrox Video. Two years later, Matrox Imaging, was acquired by Zebra Technologies Corp. In 2024, Matrox provided this concise corporate profile: For over 45 years, Matrox has been synonymous with technology and innovation. A market leader in designing software and hardware solutions for Pro AV/IT, video, and imaging/machine vision applications, Matrox combines engineering excellence with deep industry expertise to deliver unique solutions that help our customers achieve their goals. Matrox has earned its reputation as industry leader by consistently meeting customer requirements for innovative technology and the highest manufacturing standards. Co-founded by Lorne Trottier in 1976, Matrox has pioneered a number of innovative hardware and software solutions for an array of high-tech industries. Today, we continue to be at the forefront of cutting-edge technology, working closely with our global stakeholders to solve specific real-world issues. [from https://www.matrox.com/en/about/matrox] Matrox MTX 1632 Video RAM Matrox MGA Millennium In 1995, Matrox introduced the MGA Millennium graphics card, featuring the industry’s pioneering 64-bit graphics processor -- the Matrox MGA (Matrox Graphics Accelerator). At the time, it was one of the fastest PC graphics cards thanks to, amomg other solutions, its 64-bit graphics engine, unique architecture of Window RAM memory, and optimized PCI bus design. The MGA Millennium was a professional, high performance 2D and 3D graphics card that delivered fast performance for applications in areas such as desktop publishing, 2D and 3D CAD, document imaging, computer based digital video and high-end business applications. Although it was originally designed to cater to the needs of professional high-end applications requiring high resolution and high color depth support, its robust set of features made it an excellent choice for computer gaming. Matrox MGA Millennium technical specifications <ul> <li>chipset: IS-STORM (MGA2064W),</li> <li>Window RAM: 2 and 4MB, expandible to 4 and 8MB,</li> <li>ports: analog VGA out and Media XL connector (audio and composite video in/out),</li> <li>display modes: up to 1600x1200 pixel resolution, 2D and 3D,</li> <li>color support: 24-bit,</li> <li>video playback: AVI and MPEG,</li> <li>platforms: Microsoft Windows 95, later available for PCI Power Mac,</li> <li>upgrades: live video, frame capture, hardware MPEG decoding, TV viewing on a PC.</li> </ul> Software included in the MGA Millennium package <ul> <li>MPEG player,</li> <li>3DFX 3D image and animation creator, Asymetrix,</li> <li>Nascar Racing, Papyrus Design Group, Inc.,</li> <li>RenderWare graphics rendering engine, Criterion Software Ltd.</li> </ul> Museum holdings <ul> <li>Matrox MGA Millennium package,</li> <li>all Matrox items in the museum's collection are listed in the Matrox Collection.</li> </ul> Description An account of the resource Historical context Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Matrox Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1995