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              <text>Early Computing at York University -- Photographs</text>
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              <text>computing infrastructure: photographs</text>
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              <text>&lt;strong&gt;Historical context:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Academic computing in Canada started to develop in the early 1950s. The first commercial digital electronic computer&lt;span class="MUxGbd wuQ4Ob WZ8Tjf"&gt;—&lt;/span&gt;a Ferranti Mark I (nicknamed FERRUT)&lt;span class="MUxGbd wuQ4Ob WZ8Tjf"&gt;—&lt;/span&gt;was installed at the University of Toronto in 1952. For several years, FERRUT was the only digital electronic computer operated by a Canadian university. In 1957, the University of British Columbia installed its first computer&lt;span class="MUxGbd wuQ4Ob WZ8Tjf"&gt;—&lt;/span&gt;the ALWWAC III-E&lt;span class="MUxGbd wuQ4Ob WZ8Tjf"&gt;—&lt;/span&gt;and the University of Alberta its LGP-30 computer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;York University was established in 1959 at a time when there were just 40 electronic digital computers working in the entire Canada. However, it was not until October 1966 when York installed its first computer&lt;span class="MUxGbd wuQ4Ob WZ8Tjf"&gt;—&lt;/span&gt;the IBM System \360 Model 30&lt;span class="MUxGbd wuQ4Ob WZ8Tjf"&gt;—&lt;/span&gt;and established its Computation Center. The computer was replaced by a more powerful IBM System/360 Model 40, and then by Model 50 in the following two years. In 1971, York installed an IBM System/370 Model 155 &lt;span class="MUxGbd wuQ4Ob WZ8Tjf"&gt;—&lt;/span&gt; a computer from a new line of IBM mainframes. This computer, in turn, was replaced by a high-end Model 158 in the mid 1970s.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The photographs in this collection were taken in the early to mid 1970s. They depict the computing room of York's Computation Center as well as students'&amp;nbsp; keypunch room. Identity of photographers not currently known.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The photograph descriptions from top to bottom, left to right:&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
&lt;ul&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;IBM System/370 with an IBM 3215 Console Printer-Keyboard at York's Computer Center (mid 1970s?),&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;IBM System/370 with an IBM 3215 Console Printer-Keyboard at York's Computer Center (mid 1970s?),&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;Memorex 660 Disk Drive storage at York's Computer Center (mid 1970s?),&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;IBM 3420 tape drive systems at York's Computer Center (mid 1970s?),&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;IBM 1403 printer (foreground), IBM 3705A communications controller (background left) and IBM 3420 tape drives (background front) at York's Computer Center (mid 1970s?),&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;HP 2000 computer operator at York's Computer Center; on the right, an HP 2000 computer (mid 1970s?),&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;IBM System/370 Model 158 operator at computer's terminal at York's Computer Center (mid 1970s?),&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;IBM System/370 Model 158 operator at computer's terminal at York's Computer Center (mid 1970s?),&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;IBM 3420 tape drives at York's Computer Center (mid 1970s?),&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;IBM 3333 disk drive storage units at York's Computer Center (mid 1970s?)&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;IBM 3333 disk drive storage units at York's Computer Center (mid 1970s?),&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;Backup disk storage at York's Computer Center (mid 1970s?),&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;IBM 3705A communications controller at York's Computer Center (mid 1970s?),&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;HP 2000 Data System at York's Computer Center (mid 1970s?)&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;IBM 3213 console printer and Datacom 100 teleprinter at York's Computer Center (mid 1970s?),&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;IBM 2741 terminal at York's Computer Center (mid 1970s?),&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;modems at York's Computer Center (mid 1970s?),&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;Vucom I display terminal at York's Computer Center (mid 1970s?),&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;students' keypunch room at York University (1972?),&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;students in keypunch room at York University (1972?); the person on the right is Enio Presutto, one of the promoters of the APL programming language at York University,&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;&amp;nbsp;IBM 2741 APL terminal in student's keypunch room at York University (1972?),&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;IBM 29 punch card terminal in students' keypunch room at York University (1972?).&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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              <text>photographer unknown</text>
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              <text>1972 (?)</text>
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              <text>York University</text>
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              <text>digital image of photographs</text>
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              <text>digital image</text>
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              <text>York University, Toronto, 1972-1973</text>
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