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including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Images for Computer Hobby Movement in Canada Exhibit https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/5a07f13b82cb9a9661b4dd8db66814b8.jpg 3f3cb6c8b1c008e25021cb67a1287f3e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dynalogic Collection Description An account of the resource Dynalogic Corporation was among the first Canadian microcomputer manufacturers. Founded by C. Murray Bell in 1973 in Ottawa, it initially focused on the design of floppy disk systems and interfaces for minicomputers and desk-top calculators. In 1975, Dynalogic embarked on the design of a firmware controlled, microprocessor-based floppy disk system that could be interfaced with a range of minicomputers via the industry standard RS-232C interface. The result of these design and development efforts--the Series 7000 DynaTermDisk--was shown at the 1975 Canadian Computer Show. In 1976, the company moved into the general-purpose computer market. On October 1, 1976, it announced the Dynalogic Microcomputer System (DMS) -- an advanced microcomputer that employed Motorola's 6800 processor. The DMS was among the earliest microcomputers with built-in floppy disk drives. It operated under a sophisticated proprietary DYNAMO operating system (designed by Donald C. Lindsay). The first DMS was delivered to Algonquin College of Technology in Ottawa in fall of 1976. Other DMS systems were sold in Canada, the U.S., and Europe. In 1981, Bytec Management Corp. took over Dynalogic. In the same year the work had begun on the design of a portable desktop microcomputer--the Hyperion--and continued in a new Bytec subsidiary called Dynalogic Info-Tech. The Hyperion was unveiled at the 1982 spring Comdex computer show in Atlantic City as the "most powerful, portable, business computer in the world'' compatible with the IBM PC. The first Hyperions were manufactured in January of 1983 and retailed at US $4,955. The sales continued throughout 1983 and 1984 in Canada and the U.S. Acquisition: The objects in the collection have been donated by Walter Banks, Murray Bell, Diane Bruce, Dan Cohow, Robert S. Elliot, Terence Gordon, Don C. Lindsay, Brian Mahoney, Dennis Mullin, and Zbigniew Stachniak. HARDWARE <ul> <li>Dynalogic Microcomputer System (DMS), model 7042B</li> <li>Dynalogic Microcomputer System (DMS), model 7042C</li> <li>Dynalogic Microcomputer System (DMS), model 7082</li> <li>Dynalogic disk drive system, model 4002B</li> <li>Hyperion microcomputer</li> <li>Hyperion Ex [Hyperion expansion unit]</li> <li>Acoustic Cups for Hyperion [data communication]</li> <li>HyperRam [Hyperion memory module by Technovation]</li> <li>Hyperaccess (by Technovation)</li> </ul> SOFTWARE <ul> <li>DYNAMO 2.0/DO/32K, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 21 November 1977</li> <li>DYNAMO 2.0/D1/24K, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 21 November 1977</li> <li>DynaBASIC 2.0/AO, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 21 November 1977</li> <li>Dynalogic Advanced Programming Package, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1977</li> <li>Forms Entry, Source, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 25 January, 1978</li> <li>Dynalogic Advanced Programming Package 2.0, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 May 1978</li> <li>DYNAMO 2.3, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 July 1978</li> <li>DynaBASIC I 2.1/E4, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 March 1979</li> <li>DynaBASIC I 2.1/E5, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 March 1979</li> <li>Structured DynaBASIC I Preprocessor 1.0, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 31 May 1979</li> <li>DYNAMO 2.4, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 31 March 1979</li> <li>DYNAMO 3.1, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 October 1979</li> <li>DMS Utility Programs, 1979</li> <li>DYNAMO 3.1, Diagnostic Programs, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 July 1980</li> <li>IN:SCRIBE [for the Hyperion], Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp., 1982</li> <li>IN:TOUCH [for the Hyperion], Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp., 1982</li> <li>LOTUS 123 [for the Hyperion], Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp. and Lotus Development Corp., 1983</li> <li>LOTUS 123, System Backup for the Hyperion, Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp. and Lotus Development Corp., 1983</li> <li>LOTUS 123, utility software for the Hyperion, Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp. and Lotus Development Corp., 1983</li> <li>LOTUS 123 PrintGraph for the Hyperion, Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp. and Lotus Development Corp., 1983</li> <li>LOTUS 123 Tutorial for the Hyperion, Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp. and Lotus Development Corp., 1983</li> <li>DOS, EDLIN [DOS 1.25 for the Hyperion], Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp. and Microsoft Corp., 1982, 1983</li> <li>Hyperion DOS(2.11), ver. 00, rev. 00, Compterm Inc., 1 July 1984</li> <li>BASICA, Assembler [for the Hyperion], Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp. and Microsoft Corp., 1982, 1983</li> <li>Aladin [for the Hyperion], Bytec Management Corp. and ADI America Inc., 1983</li> <li>Various Hyperion related software</li> <li>Source codes of various Dynalogic software including DYNAMO operating system</li> </ul> MANUALS, GUIDES, REPORTS <ul> <li>Dynalogic Microcomputer System Manual, release 1.1, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 December, 1976, printed between 12 October and 1 December, 1976</li> <li>MICRO BASIC I, USERS MANUAL, Ryan-McFarland Corp., 1976</li> <li>How to use DYNAMO, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 November, 1977</li> <li>How To Use The EDITOR, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 December, 1977</li> <li>MICRO BASIC I, reference card, Ryan-McFarland Corp. and Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1977(?)</li> <li>How To Use DYNAMO, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 16 January, 1978</li> <li>How To Use DYNAMO: User Manual, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 July, 1978</li> <li>Advanced Programming Package, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 May, 1978</li> <li>How To Use The EDITOR, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 October, 1978</li> <li>Structured DynaBASIC I Preprocessor, preliminary blurb, version 1J, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1979</li> <li>How To Use DynaBASIC I, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 February, 1979</li> <li>How to Use the Laboratory Microcomputer System (LMS), Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 March, 1979</li> <li>Structured DynaBASIC I Preprocessor, preliminary blurb, version 1F, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 5 March, 1979</li> <li>R2.4PAK: Interface from DynaBASIC I to DYNAMO R2.4 addendum to How to Use DynaBASIC I, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 May, 1979</li> <li>How To Use DynaSCRIPT, Preliminary, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 25 May, 1979</li> <li>How To Use DynaMENU Application Program Shell, Preliminary, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., June 1979</li> <li>How to use DYNAMO, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 October, 1979</li> <li> Dynalogic Microcomputer System (DMS) Model 7042B Documentation Package, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 October, 1979</li> <li>How To Use DynaSCRIPT, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 November, 1979</li> <li> Disk Controller PCB, schematic diagrams and board layouts, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 7 Nov.--4 Dec., 1979</li> <li>How To Use DynaSORT, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 7 December, 1979</li> <li>Additional SCRED Features, SCRED Addendum, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd.(?), 18 December, 1979</li> <li>DMS Memory Tests, SCRED Addendum, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 January, 1980</li> <li>DYNAMO Operating System: Introduction to the Source, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., March 1980</li> <li>How To Use The LSI-11 DynaSTOR, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 2 September 1980</li> <li>Floppy Diskette Controller (FDC) Product Specification, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 30 June 1980</li> <li>Style Manual for Assembler Programming, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd.(?), 12 January, 1981</li> <li>How To Use DYNAMO: User Manual, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 16 February, 1981</li> <li>How to Use DynaBASIC D, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 February, 1981</li> <li>Floppy Diskette Controller (FDC) To Dynalogic Microcomputer System (DMS) Interface Specification, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 March 1981</li> <li>How To Use The LSI-11 DynaSTOR, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1 May 1981</li> <li>Hyperion, IN:TOUCH, Guide, ver. 00, published by Dynalogic Info-Tech Corporation, 1 June, 1983</li> <li>Hyperion, IN:TOUCH, Guide, ver. 00, rev. 01, Dynalogic Info-Tech Corporation, published by Bytec Management Corp., 10 October, 1983</li> <li>Hyperion, IN:SCRIBE Guide, ver. 00, published by Dynalogic Info-Tech Corp., 1 June, 1983</li> <li>Hyperion, IN:SCRIBE Guide, ver. 00, rev. 01, published by Bytec Management Corp., 1 August, 1983</li> <li>Hyperion, Multiplan, Electronic Worksheet, Microsoft Corp. and Dynalogic Info-Tech Corporation, 1982</li> <li>Hyperion, Setup Guide, ver. 00, rev. 04, published by Bytec Management Corp., 8 August, 1983</li> <li>Hyperion User Guide MS-DOS/EDLIN, ver. 00, rev. 04, published by Bytec Management Corp., 5 September, 1983</li> <li>Hyperion Programmer Guide, ver. 00, rev. 03, published by Bytec Management Corp., 1983</li> <li> LOTUS 123 User's Manual for the Hyperion Business Computer, Lotus Development Corp., Release 1A, 1983</li> <li>LOTUS 123 Quick Reference for the Hyperion Business Computer, Lotus Development Corp., Release 1A, 1983</li> <li>Hyperion Technical Reference Guide, Bytec Management Corp., ver. 00, rev. 00, 15 November, 1983</li> <li>Hyperion Aladin Guide, Bytec Management Corp.(?), 1983</li> <li>Hyperion DOS(2.11) Guide, ver. 00, rev. 00, Compterm Inc., 1 July 1984</li> <li>Acoustic Cup Installation Instructions, 2 pages</li> </ul> CORPORATE DOCUMENTS <ul> <li>Introduction to: word processing software, note by (?) 26 September, 1976, 3 pages</li> <li> D.M.S. Release 2.0 Specifications (preliminary), Dynalogic Corporation Ltd. (?), 16 March, 1977, 3 pages</li> <li>Memo on Bubble/CCD Possibilities , Dynalogic Corporation Ltd. (?), 24 January, 1978, 3 pages</li> <li>Converting to DYNAMO 2.1 (preliminary), Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 1978(?), 1 page</li> <li>Mount/Dismount Questions , note, D. Lindsay(?) 16 January 1979, 2 pages</li> <li>DIFFERENCES: DYNAMO 2.4 from 2.3, note by D. Lindsay (?), 13 March, 1979, 3 pages [in DYNAMO source]</li> <li>Memory Swapping for DynaBASIC-D note, D. Lindsay(?) 9 August, 1979, 3 pages</li> <li>DIFFERENCES: DYNAMO 3.1 from 2.4, note by D. Lindsay (?), 28 September, 1979, 7 pages [in DYNAMO source]</li> <li>DYNALOGIC Ethernet , note by (?) 2 January 1980, 2 pages</li> <li>DIFFERENCES: DYNAMO 4.0 from 3.1, note by D. Lindsay (?), 16 February, 1980, 8 pages [in DYNAMO source]</li> <li>Engineering Project Codes, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd., 2 September 1980, 10 pages</li> <li>DYNAMO: Chronology and Statistics , Donald C. Lindsay, three versions dated: February 1981 [included in DYNAMO Source], 2 pages; August 1981, 3 pages; May 1982, 3 pages</li> <li>Proposal to Mitel: Voice Mail, Dynalogic Corporation, 28 August 1981, 5 pages</li> <li>DIFFERENCES: DYNAMO 4.1 from 4.0, note by D. Lindsay (?), 14 August, 1981, 2 pages; another note dated 27 August, 1981, 2 pages</li> <li>DIFFERENCES: DYNAMO 4.2 from 4.1, note by D. Lindsay (?), 18 March, 1982, 1 page</li> <li>A letter to F. Mozer by D. Lindsay regarding Voice Mail, 1 October, 1981, 2 pages</li> <li>A letter from F. Mozer to D. Lindsay regarding Voice Mail, 25 October, 1981, 1 page</li> <li>Technical Evaluation: Context Management Systems, memo by D. Lindsay, file context 3, 29 March, 1982, 1 page</li> <li>Product Definition -- DYNACOM 2000 Series, rev. 1, Dynalogic, January(?) 1982(?), 17 pages</li> <li>Hyperion Editor Key Mapping , memo by P. Matthews to G.K. Holman, 3 September, 1982</li> <li>Status of Hyperion Editor Project, 4 October, 1982 to 23 January, 1983, 5 notes by D. Lindsay (?)</li> <li>A letter from Maurice Jolicoeur, Vice President of Sales and Marketing, Bytec, to Hyperion owners regarding the change of company name from Dynalogic to BYTEC -- HYPERION Division, July (?) 1983</li> <li>A formal announcement of the merger of Bytec Management Corp. and Comterm Inc. to form Bytec-Comterm Inc., January(?) 1984</li> </ul> PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS <ul> <li>Dynalogic Microcomputer System, System Summary [for series 7032/7042 DMS], brochure, 2 pages, 1977(?)</li> <li>DYNAMO Diskette Operating System, Software Summary, brochure, 2 pages, 1977(?)</li> <li>DynaBASIC I Compiler, Software Summary, brochure, 2 pages, 1977(?)</li> <li>Laboratory Microcomputer System System Summary, Dynalogic, 2 pages, 1979</li> <li>DYNAMO Diskette Operating System Software Summary, Dynalogic, 2 pages, 1979</li> <li>DynaBASIC I Compiler Software Summary, Dynalogic, 2 pages, 1979</li> <li>DynaBASIC L Compiler, Dynalogic, 2 pages, 1979</li> <li>Structured DynaBASIC Preprocessor, Dynalogic, 2 pages, 1979</li> <li>Advanced Programming Package (APP), Dynalogic, 2 pages, 1979</li> <li>Software Licensing Policy, Dynalogic, 1 page, 1979</li> <li>Price List: Dynalogic Microcomputer System (DMS), 2 pages, 1979</li> <li>Price List: Dynalogic Licensed Software and manuals, 1 page, 1979</li> <li>Hyperion, The Most Powerful, Portable, Business Computer in the World promotional brochure, Dynalogic Info-Tech, 1982(?), 2 pages [shows an older production model of Hyperion]</li> <li>Hyperion, The Most Powerful, Portable, Business Computer in the World promotional brochure, Dynalogic Info-Tech, 1982(?), 8 pages [shows an older production model of Hyperion]</li> <li>Hyperion, Making Decisions Has Never Bees So Easy promotional brochure, Dynalogic Info-Tech, 1982(?), 8 pages [shows the final production model of Hyperion]</li> <li>Hyperion, Making Decisions Has Never Bees So Easy promotional brochure, Dynalogic Info-Tech, 1982(?), 2 pages</li> <li>Hyperion, promotional brochure [possibly] distributed during the 1982 spring Comdex computer show in Atlantic City, booth number 1843, Dynalogic Info-Tech, 1982(?), 5 pages</li> <li>Hyperion: Tested Software, July/August 1983, published by Compterm Inc. [list of software available for the Hyperion], 6 pages</li> <li>A letter from Stephen J. McGill, Vice President, Percom Publishing, to Hyperion owners regarding the introduction of the Hyperion PC Magazine, 1983(?)</li> <li>Hyperion price list from Compumart, Ottawa, 2 pp (198?)</li> <li>Hyperion retail price list, Ottawa, 2 pp (May 1983)</li> </ul> ORAL HISTORIES <ul> <li>Interview with Murray Bell, Ottawa, October 2000 (analogue cassette recording)</li> </ul> BOOKS, RESEARCH PAPERS, ARTICLES, NEWS LETTERS <ul> <li>B. Foster and B. Southern, A College Microcomputer Facility, BYTE April 1978, pp. 90--96</li> <li>D.C. Lindsay, DYNALOGIC LOG, 3 volumes, 1976--1983</li> <li>D. Thomas, The Sale of a New Machine, Quest, November 1983, pp. 32d--32n</li> <li>D. Thomas, Knights of the New Technology. The Inside Story of Canada's Computer Elite, Key Porter Books, 1983, pp. 165--183></li> <li>R. Laver, Random Excess: The Wild Ride of Michael Cowpland and Corel, Viking Penguin, 1998, pp. 44--51</li> <li>Z. Stachniak, The Making of the MCM/70 Microcomputer, IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 25, issue 2 (April-June 2003), pp. 62--75</li> <li> THUG TIPS The Official Newsletter of the Toronto Hyperion Users Group (THUG) , Toronto, November 1985</li> <li> HUGO NEWS: Newsletter for the HYPERION USERS GROUP OF OTTAWA, Ottawa, 1985--1988</li> <li>Various newspaper and magazine articles on Dynalogic</li> <li>Hyperion PC magazine, vol. 1, nr. 1 (1984)</li> </ul> OTHER <ul> <li>M6800 Linking Loader Reference Manual, M68PRM(D), Motorola Inc., October 1976</li> <li>M6800 Programming Reference Manual, M68PRM(D), Motorola Inc., November 1976</li> <li>M6800 Co-Resident Assembler Reference Manual, M68CRA(D), Motorola Inc., November 1976</li> <li>M6800 Micro Assembler Reference Manual, M68ASM(D), Motorola Inc., February 1977</li> <li>DYNAMO 2.0: Material for Blurb, note by D. Lindsay, 7 September 1977</li> <li>M6800 Resident Assembler Reference Manual, M68CRA(D2), Motorola Inc., May 1979</li> <li>Micro BASIC I Users Manual, Ryan-McFarland Corp., 1976</li> <li>Document folder, Dynalogic Corporation Ltd</li> <li>Design drawing of the Hyperion case (by David Kelly?), color photocopy</li> <li>LOTUS 123 Customer Assurance Plan, Bytec Management Corp., 1983</li> <li>Purchase receipt for Hyperion issued by Le magasin Xerox, Montreal, 25 October, 1984</li> <li>Hyperion pin</li> <li>Assorted paper documents related to custom software developed for the DMS system.</li> <li>Various source codes of Dynalogic software for the DMS systems</li> <li>Various Aladin related documents</li> </ul> Subject The topic of the resource <img src="http://museum1.eecs.yorku.ca/www_decorations/dynalogic_logo.jpg" alt="MCM_logo" width="15%" height="15%" border="0" /> The collection documents the microcomputer development activities at Dynalogic Corp. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Zbigniew Stachniak Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hyperion EX chassis Subject The topic of the resource computer hardware: extension module Description An account of the resource Historical Context In 1973, C. Murray Bell incorporated Dynalogic Corporation in Ottawa to design, develop, and manufacture floppy disk drive systems that could be interfaced with a range of computers and programmable calculators. The floppy diskette systems shipped up to mid-1975 had hardwired controllers designed to work with specific computers. This solution was costly since different computer models typically required different floppy drive controllers that would have to be designed and assembled. In 1975, the company entered the microprocessor market with its release of a firmware controlled, microprocessor-based floppy disk system that could be interfaced with a range of computers. The new floppy drive system could be programmed to operate with a specific computer instead of building a dedicated controller to provide such functionality. The system was unveiled at the 1975 Canadian Computer Show & Conference. In the following year, the company moved into the general-purpose computer market. On October 1, 1976, it announced the Dynalogic Microcomputer System (DMS) — an advanced microcomputer that employed the Motorola 6800 processor. The DMS was among the earliest microcomputers with built-in floppy disk drives. It operated under a sophisticated UNIX-style proprietary DYNAMO operating system. In 1981, Bytec Management Corp. took over Dynalogic, renamed it Dynalogic Info-Tech, and initiated the work on the design of a portable desktop microcomputert — the Hyperion. The computer was unvailed at the 1982 spring Comdex computer show in Atlantic City as the ``most powerful, portable, business computer in the world'' compatible with the imensly popular IBM PC introduced in August of 1981. Because the Hyperion was designed to be IBM PC compatible,  hardware configurations of both the Hyperion and the IBM PC were similar. However, in March 1983, soon after the Hyperion appeared on the market, IBM released an improved version of its PC—the XT—with new hardware features such as an internal hard drive and eight expansion slots, features not offered by the Hyperion. To remain competitive, Bytec Management Corp.—the manufacturer of the Hyperion—announced the Hyperion EX expansion chassis the following month. The Expansion Chassis provided room for up to seven IBM compatible expansion cards, and a 5, 10, or 20 Mbyte hard disk. The EX expansion chassis directly connected to the Hyperion's expansion connector located at the back of the computer.  It not only provided so needed hard drive storage and expansion slots but it also allowed the use of sophisticated operating systems such as QNX. The Hyperion EX was released in late 1983. The data concerning the unit in the museum's collection is given below. Model number: 4001 Serial number:  437 Manufacturing date: October, 1984 Installed hardware: <ul> <li>20 Mbyte MiniScribe hard drive,</li> <li>Mountain hard drive controller card,</li> <li>512 Kbytes RAM card,</li> <li>US Robotics MICRO-LINK 2400 modem card, Rev. B,</li> <li>Async I/O card, SIB8408,</li> <li>Bytec Hyperion I/O Interface card, PWA 100075-00</li> </ul> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Donated by George Brown College, Toronto Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-85 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Bytec https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/00cef3d05da2d151e6d158ecfdf79359.JPG f69e37864c5bbd3d1d810dc389067f82 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The PRO-80 Computer Subject The topic of the resource Hardware: single-board computer Description An account of the resource Historical context (by Z. Stachniak) PROTEC Microsystems Inc. (or PROTEC) was founded 1981 and incorporated in January 1982 in Point Clair, Quebec. The company's first products were single-board microcomputer kits. The PRO-80 kit was offered in 1981, the PRO-83 in 1984, and the Multi-Lab in 1984. All these computers were designed for the educational and computer hobby markets. In 1986, PROTEC switched its focus from single board computers to smart sharers -- devices that allowed computers to share peripherals. In the 2nd half of the 1990s, the company addressed the growing popularity of local area networks and the Internet by introducing its new generation of intelligent device sharers, including the WebShare, SOHOLink, and WebBeetle, to provide a shared access to these services. An extensive distribution networks in North America and Europe positioned PROTEC as a provider of choice for such devices. The WebShare was launched in 1996 at COMDEX/Fall in Las Vegas. It allowed two or three PCs to simultaneously access the Internet using a single modem, a single telephone line, and a single Internet account. The second version of this sherer, more compact and with optional integrated modem was announced during the PC Expo trade show in New York in June 1997. The SOHOLink was designed to meet the connectivity needs of a small business or a home office operating with multiple computing platforms. It integrated all the features of the WebShare but offered Ethernet ports for networking of up to six computers. Finally, the WebBeetle was developed to address the demand for Internet and fax access in a local network environment were the demand for such access was high across the network. The sherer was launch during COMDEX/Fall held in Las Vegas in 1998 PRO-80 Microcomputer The PRO-80 single-board computer kit was PROTEC's first product. Offered in 1981, it was distributed by, among other companies General Electronics of Willowdale, Ontario. According to the PRO-80 assembly manual, the computer was designed to be    a truly economical and educational system that meets the needs of students, teachers,  experiments or anyone who wishes to know   or evaluate at a reasonable price the performance of the wonderful machine, the Z-80 [microprocessor].   [from The PRO-80 Assembly and Operations Manual] The computer was designed around the popular Zilog Z80 microprocessor and the S-100 bus that allowed the user to expand the system with a variety of S-100 boards available on the market. Hardware specification <ul> <li>CPU: Zilog Z80A,</li> <li>RAM: 1Kb expandable to 2 Kb,</li> <li>EPROM: 1Kb containing the monitor software,</li> <li>ports/interfaces: 2 parallel I/O ports, audio cassette interface,</li> <li>keyboard: 16-key Hex with 8 additional keys,</li> <li>display: 6-position Hex.</li> </ul> PROTEC also offered the PRO-VIDEO expansion card for the PRO-80 that provided: <ul> <li>video controller for a standard color or B/W TV,</li> <li>Eprom programmer,</li> <li>up to 22 Kb of RAM.</li> </ul> The card was supported with an 8 Kb editor/assembler. In April 1983, the computer was priced at $169 while its expansion card at $249. Software and documentation <ul> <li>The PRO-80 Assembly and Operations Manual, PROTEC, 1981,</li> <li>monitor (1Kb),</li> <li>editor/assembler (8Kb).</li> </ul> Museum holdings <ul> <li>PRO-80 single board computer,</li> <li>The PRO-80 Assembly and Operations Manual, PROTEC, 1981.</li> </ul> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Protec Microsystems Inc. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Canada, early 1980s microcomputer https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/1b79c82960a8dde2aa22c42008becbcc.png 44dcaaa44f7a6f584b9c845915f4653c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource SBC6809 Lab-mate computer Subject The topic of the resource computer hardware Description An account of the resource Historical context (by Z. Stachniak) In April 1972, Intel Corp. of Santa Clara, CA, announced its first 8-bit microprocessor, the 8008. Shortly after, the company introduced the 8008-powered SIM8-01 single-board computer designed as a trainer and a software development system for the 8008-based applications. The introduction of this novel hardware marked more than just a leap in microprogrammable controller technology. Within months, prototypes of the first general-purpose computers powered by the 8008 chip were operational on-site at the French company Réalisations et Études Électroniques located in the suburbs of Paris and at Micro Computer Machines with headquarters situated on the outskirts of Toronto. The SIM8-01 board generated the first wave of computer hobby activities in North America. It also became an educational tool that enabled electrical engineering students to gain a deep understanding and appreciation of this new microprocessor technology. In 1973, the SIM8-01 board became the primary hardware at the newly established digital design labs at the University of Maryland and the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. These labs broadened the digital system design curriculum, introducing students to microprocessor technology recognized as a crucial component in computer engineering education. Other universities opted for various microprocessor development and demonstration systems, such as the Motorola MEK6800 single-board computer introduced in 1975, or developed and constructed their own hardware to support their microprocessor laboratories. The SBC 6809 Lab-mate The SBC 6809 Lab-mate single-board computer was designed by Peter Bubonja, research associate in the Department of Electrical Engineering at the University of Toronto (U of T), between 1984 and 85. The computer was designed and developed at the U of T Power Group computer applications lab to enhance the capabilities of the U of T M6809  single-board computer designed at the university in 1979 and sold by Exceltronix Components and Computing of Toronto. The Lab-mate was used in digital electronics labs at, among other places, the University of Toronto and Ryerson Polytechnical Institute. One of the main differences between the U of T Board and the Lab-mate was that the latter was designed around the STD bus allowing a range of off-the-shelf STD cards to be directly used with the computer. This provided an effective way to expand and tailor the system towards the user's needs. Technical Specifications: CPU - Motorola MC6809, 8-bit RAM - up to 48K using six memory slots ROM - 16K ports and interfaces: <ul> <li>two STD bus expansion ports,</li> <li>STD bus I/O port,</li> <li>two parallel I/O ports (MOS Technology 6522 Versatile Interface Adapter)</li> <li>programmable parallel peripheral interface (Intel 8255)</li> <li>universal interrupt controller (Advanced Micro Devices AM9519A)</li> <li>two serial ports (MOS Technology 6551 Asynchronous Communications Interface Adapter)</li> <li>programmable timer (Motorola MC6840)</li> <li>counter/timer peripheral (Advanced Micro Devices 9513A)</li> <li>cassette tape interface</li> </ul> Software - monitor, editor, and assembler in ROM Documentation - extensive documentation including SBC6808 Operating Manual by Peter Bubonja, 1986. The museum has two Lab-mate computers (serial numbers 18 and 19) used at Ryerson Polytechnical Institute in the second half of the 1980s. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Peter Bubonja Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986 6809 University of Toronto https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/338bd9988382dc02f8ce5bddab52cde6.png 0fe7cc6f703bca479f40628e53da15a4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kobo eReader Subject The topic of the resource hardware: e-reader Description An account of the resource Historical context (by Z. Stachniak) Possibly the earliest attempt to create a publicly accessible digital library of books was Project Gutenberg, initiated by Michael S. Hart in 1971. Initially, its Electronic Public Library texts were stored in plain ASCII format on a Xerox Sigma V mainframe computer at the Materials Research Laboratory at the University of Illinois.    The Project Gutenberg Philosophy is to make information, books and other materials available to the general public in     forms [such as ASCII] a vast majority of the computers, programs and people can easily read, use, quote, and search.     [M. Hart, The History and Philosophy of Project Gutenberg, 1992.] Project Gutenberg reached its 1,000th e-book in 1996, and by 2025 the collection had grown to more than 75,000 titles. The privatization of the Internet and the creation of the World Wide Web in the mid-1990s offered an opportunity to sell e-books online. Bibliobytes, one of the earliest online e-book distribution sites, was founded in 1993 and offered both free and commercial e-books over the Internet. In Canada, Bookshelf.ca—the country’s first online bookstore—opened in 1995 in Guelph, Ontario. The e-book reading era had begun. The popularization of personal digital gadgets in the consumer electronics market—beginning with handheld calculators and pagers, and later including mobile phones, personal digital assistants, and handheld and tablet computers—made the creation of dedicated portable e-reading devices, known as e-readers, the next logical step in the development of e-book services. The first e-readers appeared in the late 1990s. The NuvoMedia Rocket eBook and the SoftBook Reader were introduced in 1998. Sony released the Librie in 2004, the first commercial e-reader to use an electronic paper display (E Ink) developed by E Ink Corporation. In 2007, Amazon launched the original Kindle, inaugurating a highly successful line of e-readers. By 2010, more than 200 mainstream and niche companies were offering e-reading devices, including Toronto-based Kobo Inc., which introduced its Kobo eReader that year. In 2025, the e-reader market was dominated by Amazon Kindle, with Rakuten Kobo maintaining a strong presence in Canada, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific regions. The market was estimated at around USD 8.5 billion, with forecasts predicting steady growth throughout the decade, driven by continued consumer demand for digital reading formats and portable, eye-friendly screens. Emerging trends—such as larger color E Ink displays and a range of AI features that expand the use of these devices beyond traditional reading—further blurred the lines between e-readers and digital notebooks and tablets. Kobo Inc. The Kobo eReader was launched by Kobo Inc. on March 24, 2010, with first deliveries scheduled for May of that year. However, the origins of the device date back to 2006, when Canadian entrepreneur Michael Serbinis joined Indigo Books and Music, Canada’s largest bookstore chain. Since joining Indigo, Serbinis had been developing the idea of a mobile web-based e-reading service that would allow authors and publishers to offer their texts as e-books, while enabling consumers to access and read their selections in a “device-neutral” way anytime, anywhere, on any device. In the end, such a platform—Shortcovers—was launched by Indigo in 2009. Michael Tamblyn, who was hired by Serbinis that year, played a key role in the Shortcovers venture, bringing a wealth of experience as a co-founder of Bookshelf.ca, Canada’s first online bookstore (acquired by Indigo in 1998). Less than a year after going live, Shortcovers was providing e-content in Adobe EPUB format to customers in over 200 countries. It offered e-reading applications for a wide range of devices, including Apple iPhone, RIM BlackBerry, Palm Pre, Google Android smartphones, as well as Apple and PC desktops, and any e-reader compatible with EPUB format, such as the Barnes & Noble Nook or Sony Reader. On December 15, 2009, with funding from Indigo, Borders Group, Inc. (U.S.), Cheung Kong Holdings (Hong Kong), and REDGroup Retail (Australia, New Zealand, and Singapore), Shortcovers formally spun out from Indigo to operate under the name Kobo, Inc., with Michael Serbinis as CEO. The rebranded company continued its cross-platform e-book service approach, expanding its platform with additional smartphone, desktop, and tablet reading software, and introducing its own dedicated e-reader devices. It built a strong consortium of investors, publishers, retailers, and device manufacturers worldwide, establishing a global e-reading service with a distribution network covering the U.S., Canada, the U.K., the European Union, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, and other regions.    We believe consumers want choice, and the freedom to read on any device. Building great eReading applications and     partnering with leading device manufacturers is a recipe for success in this quickly growing market. [Michael Serbinis, 2010] The first Kobo e-reader was launched on March 24, 2010, with initial deliveries in May of that year. An upgraded version, the Kobo WiFi, was released in October. Sales of Kobo's e-readers through retail outlets such as Indigo, Future Shop, and Borders were strong, generating close to $100 million in revenue during the first year alone . In 2011, Kobo was acquired by Rakuten Group, Inc., a Japanese technology conglomerate based in Tokyo, while Kobo’s headquarters remained in Toronto. With Rakuten’s network of over 50 million customers worldwide, Kobo was able to expand internationally more quickly. Three years later, Michael Serbinis stepped down as Kobo’s CEO and was succeeded by Takahito Aiki, with Michael Tamblyn becoming president. In 2016, Tamblyn replaced Aiki as Kobo’s CEO. Over the years, Kobo has continually enhanced its e-readers through software and hardware improvements, releasing a wide variety of devices listed below. Kobo eReader The Kobo eReader was a black-and-white device featuring a 6-inch, 8-tone grayscale E Ink screen. It was designed without Wi-Fi connectivity; instead, titles in EPUB or PDF formats had to be downloaded to a desktop using an appropriate Kobo desktop application and then transferred to the e-reader using a USB cable. Kobo e-books could also be loaded over Bluetooth from a compatible PC or smartphone. The device offered 1 GB of storage, less than other e-readers such as Kindle (2 GB). It could store up to 1,000 e-books and came preloaded with 100 public domain titles. Storage could be expanded by up to 4 GB using an SD card. Although the Kobo eReader lacked some of the features found in other e-readers, it was inexpensive ($150 at launch) and praised for its responsive and intuitive e-reading interface, as well as several unique design choices. Most buttons were positioned on the side to reduce accidental presses, while a large blue four-way navigation button on the front allowed for easy page navigation. The device featured a quilted rubber backing to improve grip and prevent it from sliding off surfaces. The Kobo eReader was designed by  Ian Barlow, Pamela Hilborn, Jeff Howard, and Tai Toh with engineering support from  Fred Atangan Robert Beghian, Lee Chew, Louis-Philippe Gagnon, Sameer Hasan, Nazuk Jain, Dan Leibu, Jean-Philippe Lemieux, David Lifshitz, and Sergey Perunov. Kobo e-readers 2010-2024 (after: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobo_eReader) <table> <tbody> <tr style="background-color: lightblue;"> <th>NAME</th> <th>MODEL</th> <th>DATE of release</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo eReade</th> <th>N416</th> <th>May 2010</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo WiFi</th> <th>N289</th> <th>October 2010</th> </tr> <tr> <th>obo Touch</th> <th>N905</th> <th>May 2011</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Glo</th> <th>B613</th> <th>September 2012</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Mini</th> <th>N705</th> <th>September 2012</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Aura HD</th> <th>N204B</th> <th>April 2013</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Aura</th> <th>N514</th> <th>August 2013</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Aura H2O</th> <th>N250</th> <th>October 2014</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Glo HD</th> <th>N437</th> <th>May 2015</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Touch 2.0</th> <th>N587</th> <th>September 2015</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Aura Edition 2</th> <th>N236</th> <th>September 2016</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Aura One</th> <th>N709</th> <th>September 2016</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Aura H2O Edition 2</th> <th>N867</th> <th>May 2017</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Clara HD</th> <th>N249</th> <th>June 2018</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Forma</th> <th>N782</th> <th>October 2018</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Libra H2O</th> <th>N873</th> <th>September 2019</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Nia</th> <th>N306</th> <th>July 2020</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Elipsa</th> <th>N604</th> <th>June 2021</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Libra 2</th> <th>N418</th> <th>October 2021</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Sage</th> <th>N778</th> <th>October 2021</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Clara</th> <th>N506</th> <th>September 2022</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Elipsa 2E</th> <th>N605</th> <th>Mid 2023</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Libra Colour</th> <th>N428</th> <th>April 2024</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Clara BW</th> <th>N365</th> <th>April 2024</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Kobo Clara Colour</th> <th>N367</th> <th>April 2024</th> </tr> </tbody> </table> Kobo eReader, technical specifications <ul> <li>display: 6-inch E Ink display with 8 level grayscale; 600x800 resolution</li> <li>display formats:  ePub and PDF</li> <li>fonts: 5 font sizes and two types: Georgia (serif) and Trebuchet (sans-serif)</li> <li>processor: Freescale Semiconductor (?)</li> <li>memory: 1 GB; SD card slot up to 4 GB</li> <li>storage capacity: up to 1000 eBooks</li> <li>connectivity: USB and Bluetooth (with selected smartphones and tablets)</li> <li>battery life: up to 8,000 page turns (approx. 2 weeks)</li> <li>dimensions: 120mm x 184mm x 10mm.</li> <li>weight: 221g</li> </ul> Museum holdings <ul> <li>Kobo eReader, model N416 and its documentation,</li> <li>Kobo Desktop Application, Mac OS Setup, Kobo Inc., 2010,</li> <li>Kobo Desktop Application, Windows Setup, Kobo Inc., 2010,</li> <li>Kobo eReader User Guide,  Kobo Inc., 2010,</li> <li>Kobo eReader Quick Start Guide,  Kobo Inc., 2010.</li> </ul> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kobo Inc., 364 Richmond Street West, Suite 300, Toronto, Canada. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2010 -- e-reader https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/997a224b48c23b7236caffb68617d08b.jpg 4d5ec711d7b38b805cb5701f49522768 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Megatel Quark/100 Subject The topic of the resource computer hardware: single-board computer Description An account of the resource The Quark/100 single-board computer was designed and manufactured by Megatel Computer Technologies -- a Toronto-based company that specialized in designing and manufacturing of small format single-board computers for OEM market. It was released around 1984. The Quark/100 technical specifications: <ul> <li>CPU: Z80</li> <li>RAM: 128KB</li> <li>ROM: 512B</li> <li>Programmable Character Set memory:  2KB</li> <li>external storage: can be interfaced with 3.5",  5.25", and 8" diskette drives</li> <li>display: can be used with most direct-drive and composite monitors that can display 80 characters per row</li> <li>keyboard: can use most ASCII encoded 7- or 8-bit parallel output keyboards</li> </ul> The Quark/100 could also be used with a computer terminal providing both the display and keyboard. Such terminals must offer a full-duplex RS-232C asynchronous serial interface capable of operating at 1200 baud. Museum holdings: <ul> <li>Megatel Quark computer (serial nr. 100221) </li> <li>The Megatel Quark Family of Component Computers. Megatel Quark Manual For CP/M Plus, Megatel Computer Corp. (1984)</li> <li>The Megatel Quark/100 Single Board Computer, Megatel Computer Technologies (1984)</li> <li>Megatel Quark/100 Complete Component Microcomputer, Megatel Computer Corp.  (1984)</li> <li>The Megatel Quark/100 Single Board Computer,</li> <li>The Megatel Quark/300 schematic diagram (1984)</li> <li>Quark/300 Component Microcomputer with Hard Disk Controller, Megatel Computer Technologies (1984)</li> <li>Quark Transition Board QTB-3 User's Manual, Megatel Computer Technologies (1984)</li> </ul> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Megatel Computer Technologies Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980s single-board computer https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/4f671953e4def3456518a3e008988dbc.jpg 3539fe0433e83683bf057e872efcd949 https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/6678ded899f4ed3284c4a8b278a06d8c.jpg 3b78b5920163e35db01ef552de13cb52 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Micro Computer Machines Collection Description An account of the resource <div>In April, 1972, Intel Corp. of Santa Clara, California, announced its first 8-bit microprocessor — the 8008. In just a few months, the prototypes of the first general purpose computers powered by the 8008 chip were already working on site at the French company Réalisations et Études Électroniques located in the suburbs of Paris and at Micro Computer Machines (MCM) with headquarters situated on the outskirts of Toronto. These firms fully recognized, articulated, and acted upon the immense potential of the budding microprocessor technology for the development of a new generation of cost effective computing systems. However, it was MCM which built and, later, manufactured the first microprocessor-based computer designed specifically for personal use — the first PC. MCM's first computer—the MCM/70—was designed in the period between 1972 and 73 and announced on September 25, 1973, in Toronto. The computer was unveiled in New York on September 27th and, the following day, in Boston. One of its early prototypes was demonstrated in May of 1973 during the Fifth International APL Users' Conference in Toronto. The MCM/70 computers were purchased in North America and Europe by acedemic institutions as well as large organizations and companies including Chevron Oil Research Company, Firestone, Toronto Hospital for Sick Children, Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York, Ontario Hydro-Electric Power Commission, NASA Goddard Space Flight Centre, and U.S. Army. The MCM/70 was followed by the MCM/700 (1975), /800 (1976), /900 (1977), the Power (1980) computers.</div> <div> Acquisition: The objects in the collection have been donated by E.M. Edwards Estate, A. Arpen, R. Bernecky, R. Elliott, L. Gladstone, M. Kutt, J. Laraya, G. Ramer, R. Rea, G. Seeds, M. Smyth, Z. Stachniak, and J. Woods. HARDWARE <ul> <li>Early MCM/70 prototype (based on Intel SIM8-01) (1972)</li> <li>Memory board from the rack-mounted MCM/70 prototype (1972)</li> <li>MCM/70 Executive (1973)</li> <li>early MCM/70 ROM board (1973?)</li> <li>MCM/70 Model 708 computer (1974)</li> <li>MCM/70 power supply (1974?)</li> <li>MCM printer, Model MCP 132 N (1975)</li> <li>DDS-1000 Diskette Subsystem (1975)</li> <li>MPD-1000 Diskette Subsystem (1975)</li> <li>A prototype of an MCM/700 variant designed by E.E. Edwards (1975?)</li> <li>MCM/800 Model 808 computer (1976)</li> <li>A prototype of an MCM/800 variant designed by E.E. Edwards (1977?)</li> <li>MCM/900 Model 924 computer (1978)</li> <li>MCM Micro Power Model 524 computer (1981)</li> </ul>  SOFTWARE  <ul> <li>MCM/70 Mathematics Library, May 7, 1974</li> <li>MCM/70 Statistics Library, May 7, 1974</li> <li>MCM/70 Finance Library, May 7, 1974</li> <li>MCM/70 Electricity and Electrical Engineering Library, May 7, 1974</li> <li>MCM/70 Fun and Games Library, May 7, 1974</li> <li>APL A* code listings, June 4, 1980</li> </ul>  MANUALS and GUIDES   <ul> <li>MCM/70 Introductory Manual, Micro Computer Machines (1973)</li> <li>J. Morgan Smyth, MCM/70 User's Guide, Micro Computer Machines (1974) (spiral bounded preprint)</li> <li>J. Morgan Smyth, MCM/70 User's Guide , Micro Computer Machines, Toronto and Kingston (1974)</li> <li>MCM/70 Installation Guide, MCM (1974?)</li> <li>MCM/70 Desk Top Computer, Distributor Service Manual, Preliminary issue, Micro Computer Machines (September 1974)</li> <li>MCP-132 (HyType) Printer Operating Guide, MCM (July 1975)</li> <li>MCM/APL Reference Cards, MCM (1976 and May 1981)</li> <li>SCI-1200 Communications Sub-System, Installation Instructions and Reference Manual, MCM (1976?)</li> <li>MCP-132 Printer User's Guide, rev. 1 (June 1, 1977)</li> <li>DDS-500 Dual Disk System User Guide [preliminary], Micro Computer Machines (June 8, 1977)</li> <li>MCM System/800 Utilities Manual, rev. AA, MCM (August 1977)</li> <li>MCM Computers System 800: Using The MCM Computer as a Terminal and Transferring Data to and from APL Plus, manual nr. 018 033, rev. AA, MCM (January 1978)</li> <li>VDU-9620 Reference Manual, MCM (August 1978)</li> <li>DDS-1000 Diskette Drive User's Manual, MCM Computers Ltd., rev. AA (October 1978)</li> <li>TEXT/900 Word Processing System, MCM Computers Ltd., rev. AC (November 1978)</li> <li>MCM/900 User's Manual, rev. AB, MCM (December 1978)</li> <li>MCM LIB/8 System Documentation [describes a collection of APL functions which facilitate the creation and maintenance of a library of user application packages for the MCM/800], Micro Computer Machines (197?)</li> <li>FAS: Financial Accounting System User's Manual, MCM Computers Ltd. (197?)</li> <li>Fast Functions on the MCM/900, MCM Computers Ltd. (197?)</li> <li>FAS: Financial MCM System/900 Utilities Manual, MCM Computers Ltd., rev. AA (February 1979)</li> <li>MCM System/900 Utilities Manual, rev. AA, MCM (February 1979)</li> <li>Communications Subsystem Reference Manual, rev. AB, MCM Computers Ltd. (March 1979)</li> <li>MCM/900 User's Manual, MCM Computers Ltd., rev. AC (May 1979)</li> <li>TEXT/900 With Data Files, Supplementary Documentation, MCM Computers Ltd., rev. AA (July 1979)</li> <li>CAS-900 Client Accounting System, MCM Computers Ltd. (September 19, 1979)</li> <li>DCS: Data Communication System User's Guide, version 3, MCM Computers Ltd. (April 1980)</li> <li>Small Business System: Programmer's Reference Manual, version 1, MCM Computers Ltd. (August 1980)</li> <li>MCM/APL User's Guide, preliminary release, MCM Computers Ltd. (September 1980)</li> <li>Client Accounting System, General Ledger, Accounting Reports, MCM Computers Ltd. (February 1981)</li> <li>Client Accounting System, Time and Charges, MCM Computers Ltd. (February 1981)</li> <li>924/1024 System Technical Manual [preliminary], MCM (February 27, 1981)</li> <li>[]ZZ System Functions User's Guide, preliminary release, MCM Computers Ltd. (March 31, 1981)</li> <li>A Fast []FNT Type Numeric Formatter, MCM Computers Ltd., 7 pages (1 May, 1981)</li> <li>Power Mail: Message Processing Facility, MCM (May 1981)</li> <li>POWER Utilities User's Guide, preliminary release, MCM Computers Ltd. (June 1981)</li> <li>Distributor Announcement, No. 44, MCM (May 11, 1982)</li> </ul>  CORPORATE DOCUMENTS      1971  <ul> <li>Hypothecation of Shares and Purchase of Shares Agreements Between Gordon Ramer and Merslau Kutt (December 28, 1971)</li> <li>Kutt Systems, Inc., Micro Computer Machines Inc., and MCM Computers Ltd. corporate data, Ontario Ministry of Consumer and Commercial Relations, Toronto, file number 251340 (copy on micro-fish)</li> <li>Intel's Invoice for: SIM4-01, MP7-01, and MCS-4 chip set to be sent to Mers Kutt, December 28, 1971</li> <li>Intel's Form of Invoice for: SIM4-01, MP7-01, and MCS-4 chip set to be sent to Mers Kutt, signed by Hank Smith, December 28, 1971</li> </ul>       1972 <ul> <li>Intel, Shipping Request for SIM4-01, SIM8-01, MP7-02, to be delivered to Mers Kutt, May 12, 1972</li> <li>Intel, Packing Slip for SIM4-01, SIM8-01, MP7-02, to be delivered to Mers Kutt, May 12, 1972</li> <li>Intel's Form of Invoice for: SIM4-01, SIM8-01, MP7-02, to be sent to Kutt Systems Inc., May 12, 1972</li> <li>Intel's Form of Invoice for: SIM8-01 to be sent to Kutt Systems Inc., May 23, 1972</li> <li>Minutes of the Special General Meeting of the Shareholders of KUTT SYSTEMS INC., Saturday, November 11, 1972, 1 page</li> <li>Micro Computer Machines Inc., 1972 Financial Statements (draft), 7 pages</li> <li>Letter from Hal Fenney (Intel) to Mers Kutt, October 4, 1972 [re SIM8-01 board], 1 page</li> <li>Note from Hank Smith (Intel) to Mers Kutt, October 4, 1972 [re SIM8-01 board], 1 page</li> <li>Micro Computer Machines Inc., 1972 Financial Statements, 7 pages</li> <li>Micro Computer Machines Company Certificate from the Registry Office for the Registry Division of Toronto (April 17, 1972)</l i></li> </ul>        1973 <ul> <li>Collection of design documents of two MCM/70 prototypes (April-July, 1973)</li> <li>Agreement to Purchase and Transfer Stock (March 7, 1973?)</li> <li>Receipt for MCM shares purchase (April 5, 1973)</li> <li>Portfolio of MCM Shareholder Documents (May 7 and May 14, 1973)</li> <li>Agreement between G. Ramer and M. Kutt, 4 pages (May 16, 1973) Letter to MCM shareholders, signed Mers Kutt, President, 2 pages (August 24, 1973)</li> <li>Letter from Micro Computer Machines to Canadian Consulates, signed Mers Kutt, President, 2 pages (November 1, 1973)</li> <li>Letter to MCM shareholders, signed Mers Kutt, President, 1 page (November 1973)</li> <li>Micro Computer Machines Inc., 1973 Interim Financial Statements (unedited), 6 pages</li> <li>Micro Computer Machines Inc., 1973 Financial Statements, 6 pages</li> <li>Collection of MCM corporate information documents (1973)</li> <li>Collection of Kutt Systems Inc. and MCM Inc. Corporate Documents (1973)</li> </ul>        1974 <ul> <li>MCM corporate information, 31 pages, 1974</li> <li>Letter to potential users of MCM products, February 1974, signed by Peter J. Wolfe, Manager, Business Systems, 1 page.</li> <li>Micro Computer Machines Inc., Purchase Order no 10199 [for Intel's MCS8s], March 1, 1974, 1 page</li> <li>Data Device Corporation price list for MCM products, May 13, 1974, 1 page</li> <li>Micro Computer Machines Inc., Notice of Annual Meeting of Shareholders, May 17, 1974, signed ?, Secretary</li> <li>Data Device Corporation quotation for an MCM/70 system, May 21, 1974, signed Ted Berg, Vice President, 1 page</li> <li>Letter to shareholders of Micro Computer Machines Inc,. May 28, 1974, signed Mers Kutt, President, 2 pages</li> <li>"To the members of the Board of Directors of Micro Computer Machines Inc.", a memorandum signed by 21 MCM empolyees, August 1, 1974, 3 pages</li> <li>Letter from Micro Computer Machines Inc. to APL'ers, 1974(?), signed Ted Berg, President, 1 page</li> </ul>        1975 <ul> <li>Micro Computer Machines Inc., Notice of Annual Meeting of Shareholders, Jun 13, 1975</li> <li>Letter to potential users of MCM products, 1975(?) [re the announcement of the IBM 5100], signed Ted Berg, President, 1 page</li> <li>Letter from Ted Berg to Sales Representatives "Notice of Upcoming Product Features", November 27, 1975, signed T.M. Berg, 1 page</li> <li>MCM employment documents for E. Edwards</li> </ul>        1976 <ul> <li>Micro Computer Machines Inc., Notice of Annual Meeting of Shareholders, Jun 21, 1976</li> <li>Letter from Borden and Elliot to Gordon Ramer, November 26, 1976, 2 pages</li> <li>Micro Computer Machines Inc., Common Shares, issued in 1976</li> <li>MCM/700 Configuration, technical specification, May 7, 1976</li> </ul>        1977 <ul> <li>Micro Computer Machines Inc., Notice of Annual Meeting of Shareholders, Jun 24, 1977</li> <li>Letter from Borden and Elliot to Gordon Ramer, March 9, 1977, 2 pages</li> <li>Agreement to Purchase and Transfer Ownership of Stock, October 29, 1977</li> </ul>        1978 <ul> <li>Micro Computer Machines Inc., Notice of Annual Meeting of Shareholders, Jun 8, 1978</li> <li>Powerful New Business Computer System Introduced by MCM, MCM Computers Ltd. press release, 1978, 1 page</li> <li>MCM Computers Ltd., 1978 Auditors' Report. 8 pages</li> <li>Distributor Price List, September 27, 1978, 1 page</li> <li>Interactive Computer Systems, Inc., Price List, November 1, 1978, 2 pages</li> <li>System 800/900 Actuarial/Insurance Users, November 1978, 1 page</li> <li>Distributorship Agreement, 1978, 12 pages</li> </ul>        1979 <ul> <li>1978 Auditors' Report, February 13, 1979, 8 pages</li> <li>Canadian Price List, MCM, March 1, 1979, 2 pages</li> <li>Distributor Price List, MCM, March 1, 1979, 1 page</li> <li>Letter to shareholders of MCM Computers Ltd, May 24, 1979, 2 pages, signed C.M. Williams, President</li> <li>Notice of Correction, letter to shareholders of MCM Computers Ltd, June 4, 1979, signed B.C. Wallace, Chairman, 1 page</li> <li>MCM Computers Ltd., Notice of Annual Meeting of Shareholders, May 25, 1979, signed by W.S. Robertson, Secretary, 1 page</li> <li>MCM Computers Ltd., Proxy, May 1979, 1 page</li> <li>Representative System 800/900 Installations, May 1979, 3 pages</li> <li>Canadian Price List, MCM, July 1, 1979, 2 pages</li> <li>Distributor Price List, MCM, July 1, 1979, 2 pages</li> <li>TAS-900 Pricing, November 26, 1979, 1 page</li> <li>Cost Justification for the DMS/FAS on the System 900, MCM, 1979(?), 2 pages</li> </ul>        1980 <ul> <li>Micro Computer Machines Inc., Notice of Annual Meeting of Shareholders, Jun 11, 1980</li> </ul>        1982 <ul> <li>Micro Computer Machines Inc., Notice of Annual Meeting of Shareholders, May 25, 1982, 1980</li> </ul>   MARKETING MATERIALS        1973 <ul> <li>Media/Press Release, September 28, 1973, 4 pages [the announcement of the MCM/70]</li> <li>MCM/70 Desk Top Computer, Preannouncement, Confidential Information [promotional brochure with an MCM/70 prototype on the first page], 2 double-sided pages, August 1973</li> <li>MCM/70 Desk Top Computer [promotional brochure with an MCM/70 prototype on the first page], 1 double-sided page, 1973</li> <li>The MCM/70T Intelligent Terminal [promotional brochure], 1 page, November(?) 1973</li> <li>A Sample of Quotations from Letters Received, November 1973, 2 pages [quotations from letters received by MCM re the MCM/70]</li> <li>Collage of articles on the MCM/70 prepared by MCM for shareholders, 1973, 6 pages</li> <li>Inquiries & Responses Received After Trip [to Europe with the MCM/70 prototype], 2 pages</li> </ul>        1974 <ul> <li>MCM/70 Desk Top Computer [promotional brochure with the production model of the MCM/70 on the front page], 4 double-sided pages [includes information on the MCM/70 hardware, preliminary specifications of the MCM/APL interpreter, information on the MCM/70 in science, business, and education], February 1974</li> <li>The MCM/70 in education [promotional brochure], 2 double-sided pages, 1974?</li> <li>MCM/70 Desk Top Computer [promotional brochure with the production model of the MCM/70 on the front page], 5 double-sided pages [includes information on the MCM/70 hardware, preliminary specifications of the MCM/APL interpreter, information on MCM as well as on the MCM/70 in science, business, and education], 1974</li> <li>MCM/70 Desk Top Computer, MCM/APL [promotional brochure with the production model of the MCM/70 on the front page], 5 double-sided pages [includes information on the MCM/70 hardware, preliminary specifications of the MCM/APL interpreter, information on MCM as well as on the MCM/70 in science, business, and education], 1974</li> </ul>        1975 <ul> <li>Introducing The Smallest, Least Expensive, Stand-Alone APL Desktop Computer MCM/700 [promotional brochure], 6 pages</li> <li>MCM Sales Reference, 21 pages, 1975?</li> <li>SDS-250/DDS-500 Diskette Subsystems [promotional brochure], 2 pages, 1975?</li> <li>PMR-400 Card Reader [promotional brochure], 2 pages, 1975?</li> <li>MCP-132 Printer/Plotter [promotional brochure], 2 pages, 1975?</li> <li>Application Libraries [list of software for the /700 system], 4 pages</li> <li>Promotional letter from Peter J. Wolfe, Marketing Manager, to potential MCM clients, 2 pages.</li> <li>MCM price list, 1 page.</li> </ul>       1976 <ul> <li>MCM News, Newsletter, vol 1(?) [most likely published in the early 1976], 8 pages</li> <li>Micro Computer Machines, Inc., Distributor Information Kit, Micro Computer Machines, 1976</li> <li>System 800, [MCM Computers promotional brochure for the MCM/800 system], 6 pages</li> <li>System Software" [information on software for the MCM/800], 2 pages</li> <li>Applications Library Summary [information on software libraries for the] MCM/800, 4 pages</li> <li>PVAS A new concept for Performing Pension Actuarial Valuations and Pension Plan Administration [promotional brochure for the /800 system], 6 pages</li> <li>TEXT 800, Word Processing with System 800 [promotional brochure for the /800 system], 3 pages</li> <li>TEXT 800, Word Processing with System 800 [promotional brochure for the /800 system], 2 pages</li> <li>VDU-9620 Video Display For System 800 [promotional brochure], 5 pages</li> <li>< VDU-9620 Video Display For System 800 [promotional brochure], 2 pages</li> <li>MCP-132 Printer/Plotter [promotional brochure], 2 pages</li> <li>DDS-500 Diskette System [promotional brochure], 2 pages</li> <li>Here's what other Actuaries say about the MCM/800 system [promotional brochure], 6 pages</li> <li>MCM's System 800: the combination of data processing and word processing [promotional brochure], 1 page</li> <li>The MCM/800 System Software, 2 pages</li> </ul> 1977 <ul> <li>MCM FI-PLAN [the MCM/800 promotional brochure], 2 pages</li> <li>System 800 Demonstration Package, Rev. AA, October 1977, 9 pages</li> <li>O. Zimmerman, MCM/800 and APL Gain Acceptance in Insurance Applications at Crown Life, 9 pages</li> </ul> 1978 <ul> <li>MCM FI-PLAN: Sample Projection , 6 pages</li> <li>MCM 800 vs Timesharing , 6 pages</li> <li>If you spend more[...] [the MCM/900 promotional brochure], 2 pages</li> <li>APL and Virtual Memory [...] [the MCM/900 promotional brochure], 2 pages</li> <li>MCM 800 vs IBM 5110, 2 pages</li> <li>Introducing.... [the MCM/900 promotional brochure], 4 pages</li> <li>MCM Computers: System 900 [the MCM/900 promotional brochure], 4 pages</li> <li>Businesses today are faced with a maze of problems [the MCM/900 promotional brochure], 2 pages, 1978?</li> <li>APL and Virtual Memory -- two main reasons why... [the MCM/900 promotional brochure], 2 pages, 1978?</li> </ul> 1979 <ul> <li>DCS/900 Data Communications with System/900 [promotional brochure], 1 page, 1979?</li> <li>AID/900 Utilities and Libraries for System/900 [promotional brochure], 1 page, 1979?</li> <li>LIB/900 Program Development with System/900 [promotional brochure], 1 page, 1979?</li> <li>PLOT/900 Plotting Software for System/900 [promotional brochure], 2 pages, 1979?</li> <li>MCM Computers System/900 [promotional brochure], 4 pages, 1979?</li> <li>System 900: The Affordable Solution [promotional brochure], 2 pages, 1979?</li> <li> CAS-900 Client Accounting System [promotional brochure], 4 pages, 1979?</li> <li>TEXT/900 Word Processing with System/900 [promotional brochure for the /800 system], 3 pages, 1979?</li> <li>TEXT/900 Word Processing with System/900 [promotional brochure for the /800 system], 1 page, 1979?</li> <li>MCM Price Lists, 1975-79.</li> </ul>       1980 <ul> <li>Power [MCM Power promotional brochure], 4 pages, 1980?</li> <li>Product Data Sheet and Hardware Tech Spec[brochures for the MCM Power], 2 pages, 1980?</li> <li>MCM User Support Notes, May 15, 1980 -- March 20, 1981.</li> </ul>   1982 <ul> <li>CAS Price List, The Intergroup Partnership (May 1, 1982)</li> <li>Distributor Announcement No. 44, MCM Computers (May 11, 1982)</li> </ul>   PHOTOGRAPHS <ul> <li>Photograph of the MCM/70 wide-case prototype, b/w original (1973)</li> <li>Photograph of E.E. Edwards with the MCM/70 Executive, b/w original. Photograph for Politiken (1973)</li> <li>Photograph of the MCM/70, b/w original, (1973?)</li> <li>The announcement of the MCM/70, Toronto, Sep. 25, 1973 -- b/w original (Sep. 25, 1973)</li> <li>Photograph of the MCM/800 with CRT -- b/w original (1976?)</li> <li>Photograph of the MCM/900 business system -- b/w original (1978?)</li> <li>Photograph of the MCM/900 computer -- b/w original (1978?).</li> <li>The MCM/700 production line, MCM's manufacturing facility in Kingston. Photograph by Jose Laraya(?) (1975?)</li> <li>DDS-500, photograph by Jose Laraya(?) (1975?)</li> <li>3 photographs of the MCM/800 by Jose Laraya(?) (1976?)</li> <li>6 photographs of MCM team at York University (photographs of Andre Arpin, Don Genner, Mers Kutt, Morgan Smyth, Gord Ramer). Photograph by Z. Stachniak (November 2001)</li> </ul> MCM DIGITAL LIBRARY <ul> <li>Andre Arpin speaking at York University, Toronto, March 28, 2003 (audio)</li> <li>Andre Arpin, MCM/70 -- The First Portable Microcomputer presentation, York University, Toronto, March 28, 2003 (PowerPoint)</li> <li>interview with Andre Arpin, Kingston, April 10, 2001 (audio)</li> <li>interview with Don Genner, Guelph, August 31, 2001 (audio)</li> <li>interview with Mers Kutt, Toronto, March 1, 2001 (audio)</li> <li>interview with Mers Kutt, Toronto, March 6, 2001 (audio)</li> <li>Mers Kutt speaking at York University, Toronto, October 24, 2001 (audio)</li> <li>interview with Mers Kutt, Toronto, November 11, 2002 (audio)</li> <li>interview with Jose Laraya, Toronto, September 13, 2001 (audio)</li> <li>interview with Jose Laraya, Toronto, September 28, 2001 (audio)</li> <li>interview with Gordon Ramer, Toronto, March 27, 2001 (audio)</li> <li>nterview with Reg Rea, Stoney Creek, October 20, 2005 (audio)</li> <li>interview with Morgan Smyth, Toronto, July 25, 2001 (audio)</li> <li>interview with John Woods, Milton, October 22, 2008 (audio)</li> <li>e-mail communications with former users of MCM hardware</li> </ul> BOOKS, RESEARCH PAPERS, ARTICLES <ul> <li>A. Arpin, External Allocation System (EASY) / A Virtual System (AVS). In Proc. of the APL 75 Congress, Pisa, Italy (1975)</li> <li>R.F. Bauer, Implementation of APL on Small Computers. In Proc. of the APL 79 Conference, Rochester N.Y. (1979)</li> <li>B.J. Bleackley and J. LaPrairie, Entering the Computer Age. The Computer Industry in Canada: The First Thirty Years, The Book Society of Canada Ltd, 1982</li> <li>J. Chevreau, The Third Coming of Mers Kutt, Report on Business Magazine, November 1985, pp. 111--118</li> <li>M. Kutt, microcomputer development notes, (1972), 36 pages</li> <li>J. Morgan Smyth, York APL, Ryerson Polytechnic Institute, Toronto (1972)</li> <li>J. Morgan Smyth, EASY and AVS: The Two Auxiliary Storage Subsystems of the MCM/70. In Proc. of the APL 75 Congress, Pisa, Italy (1975), pp. 313--319</li> <li>G. Ramer(?) York APL Users Guide, APL Systems, November 15, 1971</li> <li>Stachniak, Z. Learning from Prototypes, IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 42, no. 2 (2020), pp. 63-71.</li> <li>Stachniak, Z. Software Recovery and Beyond: The MCM/70 Case, IEEE Annals of the History of Computing vol. 41, nr. 4 (2019), pp. 110-118.</li> <li>Stachniak, Z. MCM on Personal Software, IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 39, no. 1 (2017), pp. 29--51.</li> <li>Z. Stachniak, The Making of the MCM/70 Microcomputer, IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 25, issue 2 (April-June 2003), pp. 62--75.</li> <li>Z. Stachniak, The MCM/70 Microcomputer, Core 4.1, The Computer History Museum (September 2003), pp. 6--12</li> <li>A. Wahl, Kutt's last stand, Canadian Business (October 11--24, 2006), pp. 56--64.</li> <li>Kutt takes wraps off new minicomputer, Canadian Datasystems, October 1973, p. 49.</li> <li>A file with various articles related to MCM, 1973-2003.</li> </ul>   OTHER <ul> <li>M. Kutt Archive, 1973-74</li> <li>G. Ramer Archive, 1972-75</li> <li>R. Elliott Archive, 1975-1982</li> <li>Collection of documents concerning EE.Edwards' participation in the 1973 International APL Conference in Denmark. The collection includes an invitation from the Danish Computing Society (Jun 8, 19073), an English translation of the "Computer in a briefcase" article that appeared in Politiken on August 23, 1973, and a photograph of E.E. Edwards with the MCM/70 Executive.</li> <li>Several MCM digital cassettes</li> <li>I love APL, MCM sticker</li> <li>Pavement Management System, manual, MCM/POWER, 83 pages (198?)</li> <li>Lecture notes from an MCM seminar taken by Russell Elliott on June 9--10, 1977</li> <li>Seven files of various software printouts</li> <li>Intel 4004 uComputer; the first single board computer received by MCM from Intel in 1972</li> <li>MCM's ten-th anniversary coffee mug.</li> <li>Letter from the Chancellery of Honours Directorate, Government of Canada, concerning possible appointment of Mers Kutt to the Order of Canada, January 12, 2004.</li> </ul> </div> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zbigniew Stachniak Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2021 Subject The topic of the resource <img src="http://museum1.eecs.yorku.ca/www_decorations/MCM_logo.jpg" alt="MCM_logo" width="5%" height="5%" border="0" /> The MCM Collection documents computer development activities at Micro Computer Machines (MCM). hardware A computer (or a calculator), its components and peripherals (displays, printers, pointing devices, modems, external storage devices, etc). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource MCM System 900 (MCM/900) Subject The topic of the resource hardware: desktop computer Description An account of the resource Historical context (by Z, Stachniak) In April, 1972, Intel Corp. of Santa Clara, California, announced its first 8-bit microprocessor — the 8008. In just a few months, the prototypes of the first general purpose computers powered by the 8008 chip were already working on site at the French company Réalisations et Études Électroniques located in the suburbs of Paris and at Micro Computer Machines (MCM) with headquarters situated on the outskirts of Toronto. These firms fully recognized, articulated, and acted upon the immense potential of the budding microprocessor technology for the development of a new generation of cost effective computing systems. However, it was MCM which built the first microprocessor-based computer designed specifically for personal use — the MCM/70, the first PC. The MCM/900 (or the MCM System 900) was MCM's third generation computer. As its MCM/70 and MCM/800 predecessors, the /900 was an APL computer with the MCM/APL interpreter stored in ROM. It also functioned under the same (but updated) AVS/EASY operating system. The computer's main architect was Andre Arpin. The computer was announced in September 1978 as an affordable, complete, stand alone computer system for interactive applications in science, business, and education: "If you spent more than $500 for a month for APL time-share [...] you should own an MCM System 900." In 1978, the computer was sold for between $9,300 and $25,000, depending on configuration. The MCM/900 was a popular and reliable computer provided with software libraries developed by third-part publishers. The MCM/900 hardware specification: <ul> <li>CPU - bitslice technology using AMD 2901 bitslice processors,</li> <li>RAM - 8KB expandable to 24KB,</li> <li>ROM - 168KB (containing the MCM/APL and OS)</li> <li>external storage - DDS-500 and DDS-1000 dual diskette systems (512KB per disk storage capacity),</li> <li>display - 12 inch monochrome, 21 lines of 96 characters, built-in, APL as well as alternate user-programmable character sets,</li> <li>keyboard - IBM 2741-style, 48 APL keys, 19-key numeric keypad,</li> <li>peripherals: DDS-500 and DDS-1000 dual diskette systems, HDS-10 hard drive (10MB storage capacity), HDS-55 cartridge storage (5MB storage capacity), printers/plotters (MCM MCP-132, MCP-300, MCP-709, MCP-712, MCP-713),</li> <li>ports - Omniport IO interface (8-bit parallel), RS-232C serial port,</li> <li>power supply - with power-fail protection.</li> </ul> Software: <ul> <li>operating system - EASY (External Allocation System) and AVS (A Virtual System) in ROM,</li> <li>MCM/APL - APL interpreter in ROM,</li> <li>DCS/900 - data communications software for the MCM/900 ,</li> <li>LIB/900 - APL program development and management system,</li> <li>PVAS -- Pension Actuarial Valuations and Pension Plan Administration,</li> <li>DBMS - database management system,</li> <li>DMS/FAS - a complete business management package from order entry through financial statements,</li> <li>CMS-101 - data processing for travel agencies,</li> <li>CAS - Client Accounting System.</li> </ul> Museum holdings: <ul> <li>MCM/900 model 924, serial number... (with a set of manuals),</li> <li>MCP-132 printer/plotter,</li> <li>DDS-1000 and MPD-1000 diskette systems.</li> </ul> Recommended readings: <ul> <li>Z. Stachniak. Inventing the PC: the MCM/70 Story , McGill-Queen's University Press (2011).</li> </ul> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Micro Computer Machines Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1978 Relation A related resource MCM Collection Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant North America, 1978-1981 https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/c7e69656462c7347909fb57b4286579e.jpg 87500b34baef215765ef4efd8c42de56 hardware A computer (or a calculator), its components and peripherals (displays, printers, pointing devices, modems, external storage devices, etc). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gravis Analog Joystick Subject The topic of the resource hardware: game controller Description An account of the resource Historical context (by Z. Stachniak) In the final two decades of the twentieth century, the personal computer industry experienced rapid technological advances that included, among other innovations, the development of high-performance input devices (such as game controllers) as well as sound and video cards. Array Technology Inc. (ATI, founded in 1985), Creative Technology (1981), Logitech International (1981), Matrox Graphics (1976), and NVIDIA (1993) are examples of leading manufacturers of such products. In Canada, several companies—besides ATI and Matrox—successfully designed and manufactured input devices and add-on cards for personal computers. One such company was Gravis Computer Peripherals Inc. (Gravis), founded in 1982 in Burnaby, British Columbia. In 1985, the company was renamed International Gravis Computer Technology Inc., and following its amalgamation with Abaton Resources Ltd. in 1987, it adopted the name Advanced Gravis Computer Technology Ltd. In 1997, Gravis was acquired by Kensington Computer Products Group, which incorporated the Gravis brand of entertainment gamepads and joysticks into its product line. The "Company Background" published on Gravis' ftp site in 1997, described the company's origins this way Gravis originated in 1979 from the passion for computer games shared by two childhood friends, Grant Russell and Dennis Scott-Jackson. They soon found that joysticks and paddles on the market did not provide a real arcade feel or precision, and they typically broke down within weeks of intensive game use. This started them on the quest to build a better joystick. Between 1985 and 1997, Gravis designed and manufactured several award-winning joysticks and gamepads for desktop computers produced by companies such as Amiga, Apple, Atari, Commodore, IBM, and Tandy. Its first product, the Gravis Analog Joystick, introduced in 1985, quickly became a popular choice among computer gamers. The Gravis PC GamePad, released in 1991, was equally successful and was adopted by numerous electronic entertainment companies, including Nintendo and Sega. Similar success followed with the Firebird programmable game controller, introduced in 1996. By 1996, the number of retail outlets carrying Gravis products exceeded 11,000 worldwide, making the company one of the world’s largest suppliers of computer joysticks and gamepads, according to reports such as those published by PC Data. Gravis Analog Joystick The Gravis Analog Joystick was introduced in 1985 for a range of personal computers including the IBM and compatibles as well as the Tandy and the Apple II lines of computers. It was equipped with a handle tension adjustment wheel and three buttons, each with an individual "Button Function Selector" allowing each button to be configured as Button 1, Button 2, or turned off. In the 1990s, the joystick was sold with Game Utilities software that included a free copy of Commander Keen: Invasion of the Vorticons, Episode One "Marooned on Mars," a highly successful game published by Apogee Software Productions. Museum holdings <ul> <li>Gravis Analog Joystick (manufactured in 1990),</li> <li>Gravis Utilities software, and documentation.</li> </ul> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Advanced Gravis Computer Technology Ltd. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1985s-1990s game pad joystick https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/681cab0d05371a32e65a5aaee93d8cde.jpg 22f3d9cd028426acc53e84cd832ef1c1 hardware A computer (or a calculator), its components and peripherals (displays, printers, pointing devices, modems, external storage devices, etc). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Blackberry 7200-series smartphones Subject The topic of the resource hardware: smartphone Description An account of the resource Between 1996 and 2004, Research in Motion (RIM, Waterloo, Ontario) released several generations of wireless communications devices: the Inter@ctive 800, 900, 850, and 950 two-way pagers, the RIM Wireless Handsets 857 and 957 as well as the BlackBerry 5000- and 6000-series smartphones. By 2004, RIM was a leading designer, manufacturer and marketer of innovative wireless solutions for the worldwide mobile communications market. By the end of that year, the Blackberry wireless platform (the Blackberry Enterprise Solution that featured integrated hardware, software, and service) was adopted by thousands of corporations and the company reported over two million subscribers worldwide. The continuously intensifying competition in the smartphone market (from companies such as HP, Nokia, Palm, Samsung, and Sony-Ericcson) resulted in RIM's new lines of smartphones that incorporated more technically sophisticated solutions and offered more attractive industrial designs. Within a short period of time, starting from the mild-2003, RIM introduced the 7200-series and the 7100-series of smartphones, the latter featuring new sleek and stylish designs matching the ones offered by RIM's competitors. The 7200-series of smartphones was initiated by the introduction of the Blackberry 7210 in the mid-2003. It delivered the same popular communications experience as the previous 6200 models with the added benefit of a high resolution color display. The 7210 was followed by the 7230, 7280, and 7290 smartphones. From the hardware and software point of view, they were mostly identical, but supported different connectivity bands (see Supported GSM/GPRS Networks and Coverage table below). While the 7210 was supporting only two frequencies and single markets, the 7230 and 7280 were tri-band handhelds, and the 7290 was a quad-band phone designed for business customers who want to stay connected while travelling internationally enabling both domestic and international roaming in the majority of GSM markets worldwide. Finally, in 2005, the 7200 family was further expanded with the introduction of the Blackberry 7250 for dual-band 800/1900 MHz CDMA2000 1X and cdmaOne networks, and the Blackberry 7270 for secure enterprise communication over a wireless local area network (WLAN). Technical Specifications for the Blackberry 7210, 7230, 7280, and 7290: <ul> <li>processor: ARM 9EJ-S Core, 32 bit</li> <li>memory: 16 MB flash and 2MB SRAM (32MB flash and 4MB SRAM in model 7290)</li> <li>display: high-resolution full-color display, 240x160 pixels, 65,000 colors</li> <li>keyboard and controls: 33-key QWERTY-style (backlit), mouse-type scroll wheel</li> <li>ports: USB</li> <li>SIM interface: support for 3V SIM cards</li> <li>modem: embedded RIM modem</li> <li>networks: see table below</li> <li>battery: lithium ion, removable, rechargeable</li> </ul> External Design: <ul> <li>housing: palm-held, plastic</li> <li>size: 11.3cm(L)x7.4cm(W)x2cm(D)</li> <li>weight: 136g (139g for the 7290 model)</li> </ul> Main Features: <ul> <li>phone, email, SMS, browser, attachment viewer, and organizer applications</li> <li>email account compatibility: integration with existing enterprise email account or up to 10 personal/business email accounts</li> <li>designed to work with BlackBerry Enterprise Server supported by: v. 2.1 or higher for Microsoft Exchange, and  v. 2.0 with Service Pack 2 or higher from IBM Lotus Domino</li> <li>user interface: icon and menu driven</li> <li>notifications: tone, vibrate, on-screen, or LED indicator (user-configured)</li> <li>configurable options</li> <li>handheld security: password protection and keyboard lock</li> </ul> Software: <ul> <li>RIM BlackBerry OS, v. 4.0</li> <li>RIM Blackberry Desktop Software 3.6 or higher</li> <li>The BlackBerry Java Development Environment (JDE)</li> </ul> Supported GSM/GPRS Networks and Coverage: <table> <tbody> <tr> <th></th> <th>7210</th> <th>7230</th> <th>7280</th> <th>7290</th> </tr> <tr> <td>850 MHz, Canada and US</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> </tr> <tr> <td>900 MHz, Europe\Asia Pacific</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td></td> <td>X</td> </tr> <tr> <td>1800 MHz, Europe\Asia Pacific</td> <td></td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> </tr> <tr> <td>1900 MHz, Canada and US</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> The museum has a Blackberry 7230 and 7290 with manuals and Desktop Software. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Research in Motion Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003--2005 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant world, 2003- blackberry RIM smartphone https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/86104c657352c3ac7ce48d0ad1634001.jpg 5f266cb712210e79a6011b9490d56a31 hardware A computer (or a calculator), its components and peripherals (displays, printers, pointing devices, modems, external storage devices, etc). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource RIM Blackberry 5790 Subject The topic of the resource hardware: mobile communication device Description An account of the resource Historical Context: Between 1996 and 2004, Research in Motion (RIM, Waterloo, Ontario) released several generations of wireless communications devices: the Inter@ctive 800, 900, 850, and 950 two-way pagers, the RIM Wireless Handsets 857 and 957 as well as the BlackBerry 5000-, 6000-, and 7000-series smartphones. By 2004, RIM was a leading designer, manufacturer and marketer of innovative wireless solutions for the worldwide mobile communications market. By the end of that year, the Blackberry wireless platform (the Blackberry Enterprise Solution that featured integrated hardware, software, and service) was adopted by thousands of corporations and the company reported over two million subscribers worldwide.  Although smartphones represented the main line of RIM's wireless handsets, wireless data-only devices, such as the 957 Wireless Handset, were still being sold to government and large  enterprise customers to support secure data-only communications (such as emails and messages). For those customers, RIM upgraded its 957 handset  and released it as the Blackberry 5790 in the mid 2004. According to RIM's October 26, 2004 press release, the Blackberry 5790 "integrates email and data access to allow users to manage all of their information and data communications with a single device. It is specifically designed for business and government customers that require a specialized data-only handheld with secure communications. The BlackBerry 5790 includes fully validated FIPS 140-2 embedded encryption technology to meet government security requirements." The 5790 was housed in the same enclosure as the 957 handset but was packed with updated hardware and Java-based software. The 5790 operated, for instance, on Velocita Wireless' Mobitex network and was offered in both the United States and Canada. Technical Specifications: <ul> <li>processor: 32-bit</li> <li>memory: 16 MB flash and 2 MB SRAM</li> <li>display: full-graphic LCD (grey/monochrome, backlit), 160x160 pixel viewing area, 16 or 20 line display (user-selectable)</li> <li>keyboard and controls: 34-key QWERTY-style (backlit), mouse-type scroll wheel</li> <li>ports: RS-232C-compliant serial port</li> <li>modem: embedded RIM modem</li> <li>networks: 900MHz Mobitex</li> <li>battery: internal lithium-ion rechargeable</li> </ul> External Design: <ul> <li>housing: palm-held, ruggedized, plastic</li> <li>size: 11.7cm(L) x 7.85cm(W) x 1.8cm(H)</li> <li>weight: 138g</li> </ul> Main Features: <ul> <li>email: integration with an existing enterprise email account or up to 10 personal/business email accounts (including Microsoft Outlook and Lotus Notes, MSN, Hotmail, AOL as well as POP3/Internet Service Provider email accounts)</li> <li>attachment service</li> <li>Web services: a variety of optional Web services that allowed mobile access to information including news, travel,  business, and entertainment updates</li> <li>designed to work with BlackBerry Enterprise Server supported by:</li> </ul>              v. 2.1 or higher for Microsoft Exchange              v. 2.0 with Service Pack 2 or higher from IBM Lotus  Domino              v. 4.0 or higher for Novell GroupWise <ul> <li>icon and menu driven interface</li> <li>wireless calendar</li> <li>address book</li> <li>task list</li> <li>memo pad</li> <li>calculator</li> <li>alarm</li> <li>notifications: tone, vibrate, on-screen, or LED indicator</li> <li>configurable options</li> <li>password protected device lock</li> </ul> Software: <ul> <li>BlackBerry OS, v. 3.x</li> <li>Blackberry Desktop Software v. 1.6 or higher</li> <li>The BlackBerry Java Development Environment (JDE)</li> </ul> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Research in Motion (RIM) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2004 blackberry RIM