1
10
101
-
hardware
A computer (or a calculator), its components and
peripherals (displays, printers, pointing devices, modems, external storage devices, etc).
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
AES-286 Personal Computer
Description
An account of the resource
AES-286 Personal Computer model number 286, serial number 100309.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
AES, Montreal
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Hardware
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Hardware
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
H.102
Subject
The topic of the resource
hardware: desktop computer
AES
AES-286
Canadian
Montreal
-
https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/d6d85cdd2f23c420a3f0a6cff10a98c5.png
c0bd3200d33f1cba19b90c1d680151d6
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Alias|Wavefront Maya 1.0
Subject
The topic of the resource
software: 3D animation and visual effects software
Description
An account of the resource
<strong>Historical Context</strong><br /><br />Since the 1950s, computer operators had used a variety of cathode ray tube (CRT) terminals for displaying information in a rudimentary graphical form during the execution of data processing tasks. Some computer users went further and, in their spare time, experimented with the use of computers and CRTs for entertainment. In 1958, an American physicist William Higinbotham created <em>Tennis</em> <span class="ILfuVd" lang="en"><span class="hgKElc">—</span></span> possibly the first video game. As rudimentary as it was, it attracted much attention during visits to Brookhaven National Lab where Higinbotham was employed as an engineer in charge of instrumentation design. Then came more sophisticated video games such as <em>Spacewar!</em> developed in 1962 at MIT by Steve Russell in collaboration with other MIT students, as well as the first experimentation with computers for the purpose of art creation and animation. By the early 1970s, these experiments resulted in the first generation of commercial-grade computer image editing systems (such as Richard Shoup's <em>SuperPaint,</em> 1973) and animation programs (such as National Research Council Canada's computer animation program, 1971). These developments were possible in large part due to the advancements in computer and semiconductor industries, such as the arrival of affordable minicomputers and the introduction of semiconductor memories.<br /><br />Computer animation in Canada began in 1971 when the National Research Council Canada (NRC) scientists Nestor Burtnyk and Marceli Wein offered their animation software that greatly simplified a traditional and labor-intensive frame-by-frame animation process, requiring animation artists to draw every single frame. Instead, their program required an artist to draw only key frames leaving the generation of frames linking the key ones entirely to the computer. Peter Foldès was the first artist to use NRC's animation software. His 1973 film <em>Hunger</em> won, among other distinctions, a Jury Prize at Cannes Film Festival in 1974, the Best Animated Film award at the 1975 British Academy of Film & Television Awards, and an Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (the Academy) nomination in 1974 in the Best Animated Short Film category. In 1996, Burtnyk and Wein were presented with an Academy award for "for their pioneering work in the development of software techniques for Computer Assisted Key Framing for Character Animation."<br /><br />Burtnyk’s and Wein’s work was just the beginning of what would become one of the most innovative and impactful sectors in the Canadian software industry. Toronto-based Alias Systems Corporation founded in 1984, Softimage established in Montreal in 1986, and Side Effects Software incorporated in Toronto in 1987 quickly established themselves at the forefront in the development of tools supporting ever growing needs of digital artists and animators.<br /><br /><strong>Maya<br /></strong><br />The work on Maya 3D animation and visual effects software started in 1993 at Alias Systems Corporation <span class="ILfuVd" lang="en"><span class="hgKElc">—</span></span> the company founded a decade earlier as Alias Research by Stephen Bingham, Susan McKenna, Nigel McGrath, and David Springer. The company's early objective was to produce a practical software package for the creation of realistic 3D video animations and to support computer-aided design. Alias' first products<span class="ILfuVd" lang="en"><span class="hgKElc">—</span></span>the Alias/1 (1985) and Alias/2 (1986) 3D software packages<span class="ILfuVd" lang="en"><span class="hgKElc">—</span></span>were acquired by several automotive companies and employed in the production of special effects in blockbuster feature films including <em>The Abyss</em> <span class="ILfuVd" lang="en"><span class="hgKElc">—</span></span> a science fiction movie awarded the Academy's Oscar for Best Visual Effects in 1989. Alias' new 3D animation software<span class="ILfuVd" lang="en"><span class="hgKElc">—</span></span>the PowerAnimator introduced in 1990<span class="ILfuVd" lang="en"><span class="hgKElc">—</span></span>was even more successful. It was used in the production of special effects in <em>Terminator 2: Judgment Day</em> (1991) and <em>Jurassic Park</em> (1993), earning both movies Oscars in the Best Visual Effects category. In 1994, six blockbuster films employed PowerAnimator-generated special effects: <em>Forrest Gump, The Mask, Speed, The Flintstones, True Lies, and Star Trek: The Next Generation<span class="ILfuVd" lang="en"><span class="hgKElc">—</span></span>A Final Unity</em> with the Oscar awarded to <em>Forrest Gump</em>. <br /><br />The growing competition from other 3D companies as well as continuous pressure exerted by the entertainment and gaming industries upon 3D companies to deliver tools for even more realistic and sophisticated animation stimulated Alias to begin evolving its PowerAnimator into the next generation 3D animation software, Maya. In 1995, under the umbrella of Silicon Graphics, Alias merged with Santa Barbara, California-based Wavefront<span class="ILfuVd" lang="en"><span class="hgKElc">—</span></span>another successful computer graphics company<span class="ILfuVd" lang="en"><span class="hgKElc">—</span></span>to form Alias|Wavefront with headquarters in Toronto. This merger opened the door to an even more sophisticated world of 3D animation. In January 1998, the company released Maya Versio 1.0 <span class="ILfuVd" lang="en"><span class="hgKElc">—</span></span> its new 3D animation software package. The software was primarily based on Alias' PowerAnimator and Wavefront's successful Advanced Visualizer. In the subsequent years, Alias|Wavefront was continuously upgrading and expanding Maya beginning with the release of Maya Builder, Maya Complete, and Maya Unlimited in 1999.<br /><br />"<em>Maya Unlimited extends the realm of possibility for digital artists who want to shape the frontier of advanced 3D technology</em>," <br /><br />stated Alias|Wavefront in its corporate history published by the company in 2004.<br /><br />And indeed, it did. Maya quickly became the 3D modelling and animation software of choice for the animation and gaming industries. Since 1999, it has been used for the creation of special effects in numerous popular movies including <em>Matrix</em> (1999, Oscar in the Best Visual Effects category), <em>Star Wars: Episode I <span class="ILfuVd" lang="en"><span class="hgKElc">—</span></span> The Phantom Menace</em> (1999, Oscar nomination in the Best Visual Effects category), <em>Stuart Little</em> (1999, Oscar nomination in the Best Visual Effects category), <em>Dinosaur</em> (2000, the fifth highest-grossing film of that year), <em>The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring</em> (2001, Oscar in the Best Visual Effects category), <em>Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within</em> (2001), <em>Shre</em>k (2001, Oscar in the Best Animated Feature category), <em>The Birds</em> (2001, Oscar in the Best Animated Short Film category), <em>The Lord of the Rings: The Two Tower</em>s (2002, Oscar in the Best Visual Effects category), <em>Spider-Man</em> (2002, Oscar nomination in the Best Visual Effects category), <em>Ice Age</em> (2002, Oscar in the Animated Feature Film category), <em>The ChubbChubbs!</em> (2002, Oscar in the Animated Short Film category), <em>Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones</em> (2002, Oscar nomination in the Best Visual Effects category), <em>The Lord of the Rings: the Return of the King</em> (2003, Oscar in the Best Visual Effects category), and many others.<br /><br />In 2002, Alias|Wavefront, was awarded an Oscar in the Technical Achievement category for its development of Maya. While this was Alias|Wavefront's first time to receive an Oscar, several employees had been honoured by the Academy previously for their achievements in the Scientific and Technical Awards categories. These Academy recognitions would continue to be bestowed upon the company's employees in the following years.<br /><br />In July 2003, the company changed its name to Alias. In October 2005, it was acquired by Autodesk of San Rafael, California. Since then, Autodesk has continued to develop Maya and other Alias' popular software packages including StudioTools, ImageStudio, and PortfolioWall <span class="ILfuVd" lang="en"><span class="hgKElc">—</span></span> Alias' key solutions for design and visualization.<br /><br /><strong>Maya major releases:<br /></strong><br />Maya version 1.0 (Alias|Wavefront, January 1998)<br />Maya Complete (Alias|Wavefront, 1999)<br />Maya Unlimited (Alias|Wavefront, 1999)<br />Maya 3 (Alias|Wavefront, June 2000)<br />Maya 4.5 (Alias|Wavefront, June 2002)<br />Maya 5 (Alias|Wavefront, April 2003)<br />Maya 6 (Alias, 2004)<br />Maya 6.5 (Alias, January 2005)<br />Maya 7 (Alias, August 2005)<br />Maya 8 (Autodesk, 2006)<br />Maya 8.5 (Autodesk, 2007)<br />Autodesk Maya 2009 (Autodesk, 2008)<br />Autodesk Maya 2010 (Autodesk, 2009)<br />Autodesk Maya 2011 (Autodesk, 2010) <br />......<br />Autodesk Maya 2023 (Autodesk, 2022)<br /><br /><strong>The museum has:</strong><br />- Maya 1.0, (box set), Alias|Wavefront, January 1998; the box set <br /> includes:<br /> * <em>Learning Maya Version 1.0</em>, Alias|Wavefront, January 1998<br /> * Using Maya Modelling, Alias|Wavefront, January 1998<br /> * <em>Maya 1.0 Release Notes</em>, Alias|Wavefront, February 1998<br /> * <em>Maya 1.0 Developer's Kit Release Notes</em>, Alias|Wavefront,<br /> February 1998<br /> * <em>Maya 1.0 Installing & Licensing</em>, Alias|Wavefront, 1998<br /> * <em>Maya 1.0 F/X, Artisan, and Developer's Kit</em> (DVD-ROM), <br /> Alias|Wavefront, 1998<br /> * <em>Using Maya Version 1.0, Basics</em>, Alias|Wavefront, January 1998<br /> * <em>Using Maya Version 1.0, Animatio</em>n, Alias|Wavefront, January 1998<br /> * <em>Using Maya Version 1.0, Dynamics</em>, Alias|Wavefront, January 1998<br /> * <em>Using Maya Version 1.0</em>, HyperGraph, Sets & Expressions,<br /> Alias|Wavefront, January 1998<br /> * <em>Using Maya Version 1.0</em>, Rendering, Alias|Wavefront, January 1998<br /> * <em>VIZPAINT 2D User's Guide 3.3</em>, Alias|Wavefront, January 1998<br /> * <em>Using MEL, ver. 1.0,</em> Alias|Wavefront, January 1998<br /> * <em>Discover Maya</em> (DVD-ROM), Alias|Wavefront, 1998<br /> * <em>Composer 4.5M</em> (DVD-ROM), Alias|Wavefront, 1998<br /> * several promotional and reference brochures, 1998<br />- <em>Character Animation in Maya,</em> Alias|Wavefront, January 1999; the front<br /> cover has a stamp "Property of Lucas Arts Entertainment Company Art<br /> Department"<br />- <em>Learning Maya 5, Foundation</em>, Alias|Wavefront, 2003; includes <br /> DVD-ROM<br />- <em>Learning Autodesk Maya 8, Foundation</em> (DVD-ROM), Autodesk, 2006<br />- G. Maestri and M. Larkins, <em>Maya 8 at a Glance</em>, Wiley Publishing<br /> Inc., 2006; includes DVD-ROM<br />- <em>Autodesk Maya 8.5</em>, (DVD-ROM), Autodesk, 2007<br />- <em>Learning Autodesk Maya 2009</em>, The Special Effects Handbook, <br /> Autodesk, 2008<br />- Eric Keller, <em>Mastering Maya 2009</em>, Wiley Publishing Inc., 2009; <br /> includes DVD-ROM<br />- Silicon Graphics Indigo^2 workstation, model nr. CMNB007BF195, with <br /> PowerAnimator installed.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Alias|Wavefront
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1998
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Artifacts donated by Robertson Holt
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
world, 1998--
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https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/6b7adeb146e3cdc89fcdddfdd9971429.jpg
62217fd7a8fc5f1aba1209e665ddac3e
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
APL Collection
Subject
The topic of the resource
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://museum1.eecs.yorku.ca/www_decorations/apl_logo.gif" alt="Logo" width="15%" height="15%" border="0" /></p>
APL programming language resources at York University Computer Museum. The collection includes APL resources developed by Iverson Software, Soliton Associates, and STSC. See also the I.P. Sharp Associates and the Micro Computer Machines collections.
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The origin of the APL programming language is Kenneth Iverson's mathematical notation that he developed in the late 1950s and subsequently published in 1962 in his seminal work <em>A Programming Language</em>. While at IBM, Iverson converted his notation into a programming language (to be known as APL) with the help of Philip Abrams, Lawrence Breed, Adin Falkoff, Dick Lathwell, and Roger Moore. The first implementation of APL was released by IBM in 1965. In the 1970s, APL conferences and meetings, publications and APL interest groups, as well as "I Like APL" stickers and buttons, T-shirts and songs, transformed the initial curiosity about APL into an unprecedented cultural phenomenon.<br /><strong><br />Abbreviations:</strong></p>
<p><strong></strong> RB: items donated by Robert Bernecky<br />RPr: material donated by Richard Procter <br />PH: items donated by Peter Henderson<br />KI: items donated by Kenneth Iverson<br />WK: items donated by William Kindree<br />RP: items donated by Roland Pesch<br />RPr: items donated by Richard Proctor<br />GR: items donated by Gord Ramer<br />E2: items donated by Edward Edwards estate<br />KK: items donated by Kathy Knight<br />RP: items donated by Elliot Russell<br />ZS: items donated by Zbigniew Stachniak <br />RISL: Reuters Information Services (Canada) Limited <br />SAL: Soliton Associates Limited</p>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: mediem;"> <strong>SOFTWARE</strong></span>
<ul>
<li>SAPL370, IPSA [RB]</li>
<li>SHARP APL/PCX ver. 1, SHARP APL Release 17, IPSA, 1985 (three 5.25" diskettes). [RB]</li>
<li>SHARP APL/PC ver. 1, SHARP APL Release 17, IPSA, 1985 (two 5.25" diskettes). [RB]</li>
<li>TRYAPL2, IBM (1989) (one 5.25" diskette). [ER]</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: mediem;"> <strong>SOFTWARE MANUALS, REFERENCE CARDS, and GUIDES</strong></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><strong></strong></span></p>
<ul>
<li><em>HP 3000 Series II Computer System: APL\3000 Reference Manual</em>, Hewlett Packard (September 1976). [E2]</li>
<li><em>APL2 Installed User Program,</em> IBM (1982).[E2]</li>
<li><em>Harris APL Reference Card,</em> Harris Computer Systems (December 1978).[E2]</li>
<li><em>APL.68000 Reference Card,</em> The Computer Company, Micro APL Systems (October 1981).[E2]</li>
<li><em>APL*MYRIADE Reference Card,</em> Oliver Ouellet & Morin (1982).[E2]</li>
<li><em>AP747, ODBC Auxiliary Processor for Dyalog APL/W Reference Manual</em>, ver. 1.1, Lingo Allegro USA, Inc. (1999).</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: mediem;"> <strong>TECHNICAL LITERATURE</strong></span>
<ul>
<li>A.D. Falkoff, K.E. Iverson, and E.H. Sussenguth, A Formal Description of SYSTEM/360, IBM Systems Journal vol. 3, no. 3, (1964), pp. 198--262. [KK]</li>
<li>R.H. Lathwell and J.E. Mezei, <em>A Formal Description of APL,</em> IBM Philadelphia Scientific Center Technical Report no. 320-3008 (November 1971). [WK]</li>
<li><em>APL Shared Variables (APLSV), Design Objectives,</em> program number 5799-AJF, Programming RPQ #WE1191, IBM (1973). [WK]</li>
<li>K.E. Iverson, <em>A Programming Language,</em> John Wiley and Sons, New York, London (1962). [WK]</li>
<li>K.E. Iverson, <em>Operators and Functions,</em> IBM Research Report RC 7091, #30399 (26 April, 1978). [WK]</li>
<li><em>The Analogic APL Machine</em> (preliminary), Analogic (1983). [WK]</li>
<li><em>APL System Manual: Shared Variables, DOSX, ACOM, FSCR,</em> Iverson Software (1991). [ZS]</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: mediem;"> <strong>IVERSON SOFTWARE</strong></span>
<ul>
<li><em>Status of J</em>, Iverson Software (199?). [ER]</li>
<li>J ver. 1 (software), Iverson Software (July 9, 1990). [RB]</li>
<li>R. Hui, <em>J Implementation Status (version 2.8)</em> (14 Nov., 1990). [ER]</li>
<li><em>J for the Atari ST: Installation and Start-Up Procedure,</em> Iverson Software (30 Nov., 1990). [ER]</li>
<li>Iverson Software Inc. Company Overview (26 Feb., 1991) [ER]</li>
<li><em>Iverson Software Inc. News,</em> issues: February 1991, April 1992 [ER], and October 1992 [KI]</li>
<li><em>APLI386,</em> Iverson Software (24 November, 1991). [KI]</li>
<li><em>APLIWIN,</em> Iverson Software (24 November 1991). [KI]</li>
<li><em>APLI386, </em>Iverson Software (2 April, 1992). [ZS]</li>
<li><em>APLI386, </em>(software) Iverson Software (24 Nov., 1991). [ZS]</li>
<li>ISIAPL03 (software), Iverson Software (1991). [RB]</li>
<li>ISIAPL04.DOC, Iverson Software (30 March, 1991). [RB]</li>
<li>ISIAPL04 (software), Iverson Software (1991). [RB]</li>
<li><em>APLI386 </em>(software), Iverson Software (1992). [ZS]</li>
<li><em>J-PC386 </em>(software), Iverson Software (1992). [ZS]</li>
<li>Iverson Software Product Catalogs: February 1991 and April 1992. [ER]</li>
<li>APLWIN (software), Iverson Software (24 Nov. 1991). [ZS]</li>
<li>APLWIN (software), Iverson Software (1994). [ZS]</li>
<li><em>Iverson Software Inc. Catalog</em> (January, 1993). [ZS]</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: mediem;"> <strong>SOLITON ASSOCIATES [Box SAL] <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><br /> 1991-1993</span><br /></strong></span>
<ul>
<li><em>MAILBOX. Steward's Guide, Version 9.3 Update</em>, SAL (1993).</li>
<li><em>MAILBOX. Installation Guide, Version 9.3 Update</em>, SAL (1993).</li>
<li><em>VIEWPOINT 2.3.2. Instruction Sheet</em>, SAL (May 1993).</li>
<li>Soliton News releases: Toronto, May 1993; Toronto, July 19, 1993; Toronto, August 16, 1993.</li>
<li><em>Soliton Associates</em>, company information, Soliton (19??). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, Put the power to work for you</em>, promotional document), Soliton (19??). [PH]</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: mediem;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 1994</span></strong></span>
<ul>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. MVSLink 1.5 Installation Guide</em>, SAL (1994).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. MVSLink 1.5 Configuration, Operation, and Maintenance Guide</em>, SAL (1994).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. Guide for APL Programmers, Version 21</em>, SAL (1994).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. IMVS 1.0. Configuration, Operation, and Maintenance Guide. Version 21</em>, SAL (1994).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. Internal and Operational Changes, Version 21</em>, SAL (1994).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. QMSF 1.0. Configuration, Operation, and Maintenance Guide.</em>, SAL (1994).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. System Administrator's Guide, Version 21</em>, SAL (1994). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. System Maintenance Guide, Version 21</em>, SAL (1994). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. Utilities Manual, Version 21</em>, SAL (1994). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL 370, SHARP APL/PC, Pocket Reference</em>, Pocket Reference, Soliton (1994). [PH]</li>
<li><em>Document Interchange System. Upgrade Instructions</em>, Soliton (1994). [PH]</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: mediem;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 1995</span></strong></span>
<ul>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. Application Software Products Installation Instruction</em>, SAL (1995) [PH].</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. File System Update</em>, Version 21.2, SAL (1995).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. Performance Package Upgrade Guide</em>, SAL (1995).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. Performance Package, Internal and Operational Changes</em>, SAL (1995).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL Connectivity. NSVP User's Guide</em>, MVS Version, UNIX Version, SAL (1995). [PH]</li>
<li><em>Socket Client Library: System Administrator's Guide</em>, SAL (199?).</li>
<li><em>Socket Interface User's Guide</em>, v. 1.1, SAL (1995).</li>
<li><em>MAILBOX/3270. User's Guide</em>, ver. 2.2, SAL (1995).</li>
<li><em>MAILBOX/3270. Installation Guide</em>, ver. 2.2, SAL (1995).</li>
<li><em>MAILBOX/3270. Summary of Changes</em>, ver. 2.2, SAL (1995).</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: mediem;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 1996-67</span></strong></span><br />
<ul>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. ATH/F User's Guide</em>, ver. 1.1, Soliton (1996). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. Interface to MVS JES, Configuration, Operation, and Maintenance Guide</em>, ver. 22, Soliton (1997). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. NSVP. User Guide</em>, ver. 1.4, Soliton (1997). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. NSVP LU6.2 Device Driver Installation Guide</em>, ver. 1.4, Soliton (1997). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. NsvpX Installation Guide</em>, ver. 2.4, Soliton (1997). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. NSVP. Configuration, Operation, and Maintenance</em>, ver. 1.4, Soliton (1997). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. System Maintenance Guide, Version 22</em>, SAL (1997). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. SysScan:Inventory User's Guide,</em> ver. 1.5, SAL (1997). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. Upgrade Guide</em>, ver. 22, Soliton (1997). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL 370, SHARP APL/PC, Pocket Reference</em>, Pocket Reference, Soliton (1996). [PH]</li>
<li><em>ViewPoint, Administrator's Guide</em>, Soliton (1996). [PH]</li>
<li><em>Document Interchange System. Upgrade Guide</em>, ver. 1.2, Soliton (1996). [PH]</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: mediem;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 1998-99</span></strong></span><br />
<ul>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. CONH. Configuration, Operation, and Maintenance,</em> ver. 2.0, SAL (1998). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. CONH. Upgrade Guide,</em> ver. 2.0, SAL (1998). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. System Administrator's Guide,</em> ver. 22, SAL (1998). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. TSIO User's Guide,</em> ver. 2.0, SAL (1998). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. TSIO Upgrade Guide,</em> ver. 2.0, SAL (1998). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. AVAM Upgrade Guide,</em> ver. 2.0, SAL (1999). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. AVAM Configuration, Operation, and Maintenance,</em> ver. 2.0, SAL (1998). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. Socket Interface Installation Guide,</em> ver. 2.0, SAL (1999). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. Socket Interface User's Guide,</em> ver. 2.0, SAL (1999). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. Socket Interface Upgrade Guide,</em> ver. 2.0, SAL (1999). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. Socket Interface Configuration, Operation, and Maintenance,</em> ver. 2.0, SAL (1999). [PH]</li>
<li>Mike Symes, <em>SHARP APL Socket Server Manager (SSM),</em> SAL(?) (1 November, 1998).</li>
<li>Mike Symes, <em>The HTTP server,</em> SAL(?), (13 November, 1998).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. BSCD Upgrade Guide,</em> ver. 2.0, SAL (1999). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for VMS, Supervisory Manual,</em> SAL (1999).</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: mediem;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 2000</span></strong></span>
<ul>
<li><em>REMOVE(?) SHARP APL, Socket Client Library, User's Guide</em>, SAL (2000). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, Socket Client Library, System Administrator's Guide</em>, SAL (2000). [PH]</li>
<li><em>Auxiliary Processors Manual (Revised Contents), SHARP APL for MVS</em>, SAL (2000). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for OS/390. APLMON User's Guide</em>, ver. 3.3, SAL (2000). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for OS/390. Batch Task User's Guide</em>, ver. 23, SAL (2000). [PH]</li>
<li><em>REMOVE SHARP APL for OS/390. Messages and Codes</em>, ver. 23, SAL (2000). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for OS/390. NSVP TCP/IP Device Driver Installation Guide</em>, SAL (2000). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for OS/390. SHARP APL Telnet Server. Configuration, Operation, and Maintenance </em>, ver. 1.0, SAL (2000). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for OS/390. System Maintenance Guide</em>, ver. 23, SAL (2000). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for OS/390. System Administrator's Guide</em>, ver. 23, SAL (2000). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for OS/390. SVP Configuration, Operation and Maintenance</em>, ver. 3.0, SAL (2000). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for OS/390. Usage Inquiry System User's Guide</em>, ver. 23, SAL (2000). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for OS/390. Utilities Manual</em>, ver. 23, SAL (2000). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for OS/390. Pocket Reference </em>, SAL (2000). [RPr]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for OS/390. MAILBOX Upgrade Guide,</em> ver. 9.4, SAL (2000). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for Unix</em>, ver. 6, Soliton (2000). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for Unix, Upgrade Guide</em>, version 6.0, SAL (2000). [RPr]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for Unix, Intrinsic Functions Manual, File System Manual, Auxiliary Processors Manual, Shared Variable Manual</em>, ver. 6, Soliton (2000). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for Unix, Handbook/em>, ver. 6, Soliton (2000). [PH]</em></li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for Unix, Language Guide</em>, ver. 6, Soliton (2000). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for OS/390</em>, Pocket Reference, Soliton (2000). [PH]</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: mediem;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">2001--</span></strong></span><br />
<ul>
<li><em>SHARP APL for OS/390, Socket Client Library, User's Guide</em>, ver. 1.1 SAL (2001). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for OS/390. Internal and Operational Changes</em>, ver. 23. Soliton (2001). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for OS/390. V23 Documentation</em>, (CD Rom, corrupted?). Soliton (2001). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for OS/390, V23 Documentation</em> (and other current non-V23 documentation) (CD Rom). Soliton (2001-2015). [PH]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for OS/390. Upgrade Guide</em>, ver. 23. Soliton (2001). [PH]</li>
<li><em>Messages and Codes</em>, ver. 23. Soliton (2001). [PH]</li>
<li><em>REMOVE ?? SHARP APL for MVS. Guide for APL Programmers</em>, Version 21 SAL (2001).</li>
<li><em>ViewPoint for Unix</em>, ver. 1.2 (CD Rom), Soliton (2001). [PH]</li>
</ul>
<em> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: mediem;"> <strong>STSC Inc.</strong></span></em>
<ul>
<li><em>APL*PLUS/PC Programmer's Reference Manual,</em> release 1, C.L. Kiernan and D. Michelson (eds), STSC Inc. (1982). [ZS]</li>
<li><em>APL*PLUS/PC Application Development System, Additions and Corrections to the Documentation,</em> version 2, STSC Inc. (December 28, 1982).[ZS]</li>
<li><em>APL*PLUS/PC Application Development System, Additions and Corrections to the Documentation,</em> version 2.6, STSC Inc. (March 14, 1983). [ZS]</li>
<li><em>APL*PLUS/PC System, Programmer's Manual,</em> C.L. Kiernan, D. Michelson, and J.M. Spencer (eds), STSC Inc. (1983). [ZS]</li>
<li><em>APL*PLUS/PC System, Installation Manual,</em> C.L. Kiernan, D. Michelson, and J.R. Turner (eds), STSC Inc. (1983) (includes APL*PLUS/PC software). [ZS]</li>
<li><em>APL*PLUS/PC System, Formatting User's Guide,</em> C.L. Kiernan, D. Michelson, and J.M. Spenser (eds), STSC Inc. (1983).</li>
<li><em>A Personal Language, The APL*PLUS, System and You,</em> STSC Inc. (1986). [ZS]</li>
<li><em>APL*PLUS System for PC, Quick Reference Guide,</em> STSC (1988). [PH]</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: mediem;"> <strong>TORONTO APL SIG</strong></span>
<ul>
<li>Toronto APL SIG Newsletter, Issue 6 (March 1991) [ER]</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><em> Toronto APL SIG Membership List</em> (January 1992) [ER]</li>
<li>Toronto APL SIG Quiz (199?) [ER]</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: mediem;"> <strong>BOOKS, RESEARCH PAPERS, ARTICLES</strong></span>
<ul>
<li>L.M Breed and R.H. Lathwell, The Implementation of APL\360, in <em>Proc. of the ACM Symposium on Experimental Systems for Interactive Applied Mathematics,</em> ACM (1967). [E2]</li>
<li>J.A. Brown, <em>A Generalization of APL,</em> PhD thesis, Syracuse University (September 1971).</li>
<li>J.A. Brown, S. Pakin, and R.P. Polivka, <em>APL2 At a Glance,</em> Prentice Hall (1988).</li>
<li>P. Berry, <em>APL\360 Primer,</em> IBM GH20-0689-2 (1971). [RP]</li>
<li>E. M. Edwards and W.R. Tinga, <em>An APL Complex Arithmetic Package</em>, Electrical Engineering Dep. technical report, U. of Alberta, October 1970. [WK]</li>
<li>E.M. Edwards, <em>Easy as APL 01: An Introduction to APL,</em> Computing Science Dept. technical report, Simon Fraser University (1979). [E2]</li>
<li>R.K.W. Hui, <em>An Implementation of J,</em> Iverson Software (1992). [RB]</li>
<li>A.D. Falkoff and K.E. Iverson, <em>Communication in APL Systems</em>, IBM Philadelphia Scientific Center, Tech Report No. 320-3022 (May 1973). [WK]</li>
<li>A.D. Falkoff and K.E. Iverson, The Design of APL, <em>J. Res. Develop., IBM</em>, (July 1973). [WK]</li>
<li>A.D. Falkoff and K.E. Iverson, <em>TSIO Reference Manual, APL Shared Variable System, </em>IBM Philadelphia Scientific Center (1973). [WK]</li>
<li>A.D. Falkoff and K.E. Iverson, <em>APLSV User's Manual, APL Shared Variable System, </em>IBM Philadelphia Scientific Center (1973). [WK]</li>
<li>L. Gilman and A.J. Rose, <em>APL\360, An Interactive Approach,</em> John Wiley & Sons (1970). [WK]</li>
<li><em>IBM Journal of research and development,</em> vol. 17 no. 4 (July 1973). [York]</li>
<li><em>Finn APL Pocket Idiom Library</em>, Finish APL Association, Helsinki (1982). [RPr]</li>
<li><em>Studies in APL: Algebra, Scan, Arithmetic, Permutations</em>, IBM Tech. Report no. 320-3023 (June 1973). [RP]</li>
<li>K.E. Iverson, <em>Introducing APL to Teachers</em>, IBM Philadelphia Scientific Center, Tech Report No. 320-3014 (July 1972). [WK]</li>
<li>K.E. Iverson, <em>APL as an Analytical Notation</em>, IBM Philadelphia Scientific Center (1973). [WK]</li>
<li>K.E. Iverson, <em>Elementary Analysis,</em> APL Press (1976). [RP]</li>
<li>K.E. Iverson, <em>A Commentary on APL Development,</em> publisher unknown (1988). [RP]</li>
<li>K.E. Iverson, <em>Tangible Math: SHARP APL/IBM PC Version,</em> Iverson Software, (September 1989). [ZS]</li>
<li>K.E. Iverson, <em>ISI Dictionary of J,</em> Iverson Software (1991). [RP]</li>
<li>K.E. Iverson, <em>An Introduction to J,</em> Iverson Software (1992). [RP]</li>
<li>K.E. Iverson, <em>J Introduction & Dictionary,</em> Iverson Software (1993). [RB]</li>
<li>K.E. Iverson, <em>APL Reference Manual,</em> Iverson Software, Soliton Associates Ltd. (1993). [RB]</li>
<li>K.E. Iverson, Notation as a Tool of Thought, 1979 ACM Turing Award Lecture, <em>Communications of the ACM,</em> vol. 23 (August 1980).</li>
<li>K.E. Iverson, A personal view of APL, <em>IBM Systems Journal,</em> vol. 30 no 4 (1991). [KI]</li>
<li> E. McDonnell, <em>At Play with J, The complete Vector articles, </em><br />Vector Books (2009). [RB]</li>
<li><em>Programming Language APL,</em> second draft proposal, L.A. Morrow (ed), International Standards Organization, document nr. ISO TC97/SC5 N811 DP-8485 (20 March, 1985). [E2]</li>
<li>E. Presutto, <em>The York APL Command Processor for TSO,</em> (197?). [ZS]</li>
<li><em>York APL,</em> Ryerson Polytechnic Institute, Toronto (1972). [GR]</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: mediem;"> <strong>MAGAZINES, NEWSLETTERS</strong></span>
<ul>
<li><em>APL Quote Quad</em>, ACM<br />holdings: vol. 1, no. 4 (1970) to vol. 3, no. 4 (1972) [E2]; vol. 6 (1975) -- vol. 8 (1978) [WK]; vol. 9 (1978) -- vol. 12 (1982); vol. 13 (1982) -- vol. 21, no. 2 (1990) [RP]; vol. 21, no. 2 (December 1990) -- Vol. 22, no. 2 (December 1991) [RPr]; vol. 23, no. 2 (December 1992) [RP].</li>
<li><em>The 1989 ACM SIGAPL Index of APL Articles,</em> APL <em>Quote Quad</em> (1990). [RP]</li>
<li><em>The 1990 ACM SIGAPL Index of APL Articles,</em> APL <em>Quote Quad</em> (1991). [RP]</li>
<li><em>SHARE*APL\360 Newsletter</em>, no 1, G.H. Foster (ed) (April 1969) [E2].</li>
<li><em>The APL Interpreter</em>, The Computer Company; issues: Summer 1982 [E2] and Spring 1983 [GR].</li>
<li><em>APL Market News</em>; holdings: issue 9 (1982); vol. 17 nr. 2 (1985).[E2]</li>
<li><em>APL News</em> (formerly <em>APL Market News</em>), Springer; holdings: issue 13, 14 (1983), Southwater Corp; vol. 17, no. 1--3 (1985); vol. 18, no. 1, 2, 4 (1986); vol. 19, no. 1--4 (1987); vol. 20, no. 1--3 (1988); vol. 21, no. 1--3 (1989); vol. 22, no. 2, 3 (1990); vol. 23, no. 1 (1991), Springer International.</li>
<li><em>APL News</em>, APL Press; holdings: no. 11 (1976) and 7 (1978) [WK]; no. 8 (April 1982).</li>
<li><em>APL*PLUS Service News</em>, STSC, Inc.; holdings: vol. 6, issue 2 (April-June 1982).[E2]</li>
<li><em>Toronto APL SIG Newsletter,</em> Issue 6 (March 1991) [ER]</li>
<li><em>ISI News,</em> (April 1992). [ER]</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: mediem;"> <strong>PROMOTIONAL LITERATURE, PRODUCT ANNOUNCEMENTS</strong></span>
<ul>
<li><em>Total Solution APL: New APL software and CRT terminal for HP 3000 Series II Computer</em>, Hewlett Packard (September 1976). [E2]</li>
<li><em>APL Display Station (Preliminary)</em>, Hewlett Packard (September 1976). [E2]</li>
<li><em>APL\3000 Language Subsystem</em>, Hewlett Packard (October 1976). [E2]</li>
<li><em>APL*Myriade</em>, Oliver Ouellet and Morin Inc. (1982). [E2]</li>
<li><em>SPECTRUM: A 16-BIT APL Microcomputer using the Motorola 68000</em>, MicroAPL Ltd. (198?). [E2]</li>
<li><em>VIZ::APL</em>, product announcement and price list, APL Inner Product Ltd. (198?). [E2]</li>
<li><em>A Programming Language (APL),</em> Burroughs announcement of its APL/700 for the B6700 and B7700 systems (197?). [WK]</li>
<li><em>Scorpion, the World's First Fully Portable 16-bit APL Microcomputer,</em> Micro APL (1982). [E2]</li>
<li><em>The APL Machine: The High Performance APL Computer,</em> Analogic Corp. (1983). [E2]</li>
<li><em>APL2,</em> IBM (1984). [E2]</li>
<li><em>Workstation APL2 for Multiplatforms, ver. 2.0,</em> product announcement, IBM (October 2002). [ZS]</li>
<li><em>Workstation APL2 for Mainframes, ver. 2.0, release 2,</em> product announcement, IBM (October 2002). [ZS]</li>
<li><em>Today's APL2</em>, IBM (1 September, 1994). [ZS]</li>
<li><em>APL2000 Rapid Application Development,</em> APL2000 Inc. (199?). [ZS]</li>
<li><em>APL.68000 Microcomputer Interpreter,</em> ver. 3.2, The Computer Company (April 1983). [GR]</li>
<li><em>TIS-APL: the only alternative</em>, TIS-APL promotional materials, Telecompute Integrated Systems Inc. (198?). [ZS]</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: mediem;"> <strong> MISCELLANEOUS</strong></span>
<ul>
<li><em>APL Comparison Chart,</em> Harris Computer Systems (March 30, 1981). [E2]</li>
<li>A December 5, 1996 letter from Prof. P. Medow to Senate Sub-Committee on Honorary Degrees and Ceremonials, York University, regarding Kenneth Iverson's honorary doctorate.</li>
</ul>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1965--
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Zbigniew Stachniak
Sound
A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
APL Blossom Time
Subject
The topic of the resource
APL Pioners
Description
An account of the resource
From the cover It is a recording "dedicated to the pioneers of APL with respect and affection by J.C.L GUEST"
From Smart Arays
http://smartarrays.com/downloads/aplblossomtime/aplblossomtime.html
"APL Blossom Time was written by Mike Montalbano from the IBM Santa Teresa Laboratory in 1981. He published this and other writings under the name J. C. L. Guest. It was performed live at APL 81 in San Francisco. A studio recording was made by Jim Brown and made available on a 45 RPM record by APL PRESS".
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Music Share
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Donated by James Brown
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
APL Press
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1981
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Michele Montalbano
Relation
A related resource
APL collection
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
45 RPM record
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
45 RPM record
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
APL box C2
APL
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
I.P. Sharp Associates APL Collection
Description
An account of the resource
I.P.Sharp Associates (IPSA) was formed in 1964 in Toronto as a software company by eight individuals including founding president Ian Sharp. From an exclusively Canadian company, it had evolved into an international software and communications firm. The company was actively involved in the development of the APL programming language from the language's introduction in mid 1960s. In 1969, IPSA offered its first commercial APL time-sharing system to customers in Canada and the United States. Since then, the company was continuously improving its dialect of APL known as SHARP APL. The software served as the operating and information processing environment for the I.P. Sharp's on-line time-sharing service.
<p>In the early 1970s, the access to IPSA's computer facilities were extended into Europe via trans-Atlantic cable. The I.P. Sharp network offered the company's communications capability, its on-line SHARP APL software and application program environment as well as public databases and libraries. In mid 1970s, IPSA introduced its own internally developed packet-switching network in Europe, and later world-wide.</p>
<p>By the early 1980s, IPSA was best known for its reliable, high-performance, world-wide time-sharing system IPSANET -- one of the largest and most advanced in the world. By the end of the 1980s, IPSANET was available in over 800 cities in 80 countries and territories. IPSA had wholly-owned subsidiaries in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Hong Kong, Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, USA, and West Germany. The company maintained one of the world's largest collections of on-line business-oriented data. Access to IPSANET was via a phone line which was a local call to a mainframe computer located at IPSA's computer center in Toronto. The network was successfully used by many international companies world-wide. Its success was due to its extent and reliability, its contents and services.</p>
<p>Since mid 1980s, data could also be retrieved from the I.P. Sharp Online Service using a personal computer and downloaded efficiently for local analysis and processing by user programs or popular software such as LOTUS 1-2-3, VisiCalc, or Compu Trac.</p>
<p>In 1987, I.P. Sharp was acquired by Reuters Holdings PLC. In 1993, a newly established software company Soliton Associates Ltd. of Toronto completed the acquisition of assets related to the APL software business from Reuters Information Services (Canada) Ltd, including SHARP APL software.<br /><br />In 2010, Soliton Associates Ltd of Toronto donated a large number of documents and other objects related to IPSA to York University Computer Museum. The donated technical manuals, corporate documents, photographs, books, journals, and newspapers once belonged to vast IPSA archives and technical library that were dismantled after the acquisition of the company by Reuters. For reasons of completeness, The Soliton SHARP APL Collection is supplemented with IPSA objects donated by other individuals and organizations.</p>
<p><strong>Abbreviations:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>IPSA: I.P. Sharp Associates</li>
<li>SAL: Soliton Associates Limited</li>
<li>RISL: Reuters Information Services (Canada) Limited</li>
<li>WK: material donated by William Kindree (former IPSA employee)</li>
<li>RB: material donated by Robert Bernecky (former IPSA employee)</li>
<li>RP: material donated by Roland Pesch (former IPSA employee)</li>
<li>RPr: material donated by Richard Procter (former IPSA employee)</li>
<li>GR: material donated by Gord Ramer (former MCM employee)</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"> <strong>SOFTWARE</strong></span>
<ul>
<li>SAPL370, IPSA [RB]</li>
<li>SHARP APL/PCX ver. 1, SHARP APL Release 17, IPSA, 1985 (3 5.25" diskettes) [RB]</li>
<li>SHARP APL/PC ver. 1, SHARP APL Release 17, IPSA, 1985 (2 5.25" diskettes) [RB]</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"> <strong>MANUALS, USER GUIDES, REPORTS</strong></span>
<ul>
<li>1970 [IPSA Box 1]
<ul>
<li><em>The Programmer's Manual for the IPSCOBOL Compiler, Preliminary Version,</em> IPSA (29 November, 1970) [WK].</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>1971 [IPSA Box 1]
<ul>
<li><em>The Programmer's Manual for the IPSCOBOL Compiler,</em> IPSA (22 January, 1971) [WK].</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>1975 [IPSA Box 1]
<ul>
<li><em>An Introduction to AIDS,</em> IPSA (1975).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, File Subsystem Instruction Manual,</em> IPSA (1975) [WK].</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>1977 [IPSA Box 1]
<ul>
<li><em>SHARP APL Applications Library Catalogue</em>, IPSA (July 1977).</li>
<li><em>File Conversions</em>, IPSA (September 1977).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL Report Formatting</em>, IPSA (October 1977). [RP]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL In Financial Analysis</em>, IPSA (December 1977).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>1978 [IPSA Box 1]
<ul>
<li><em>SHARP APL Text Editor</em>, IPSA (February 1978).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL File System</em>, IPSA (February 1978).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL Plot Facility</em>, IPSA (March 1978).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL Graphics</em>, IPSA (March 1978).</li>
<li><em>CROSSTAB: A Crosstabulation Package</em>, IPSA (April 1978).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL File System</em>, IPSA (July 1978).</li>
<li><em>ACTPAK: The SHARP APL Actuarial Package,</em> IPSA (October 1978).</li>
<li><em>Box-Jenkins in SHARP APL</em>, IPSA (October 1978).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>1979 [IPSA Box 1]
<ul>
<li><em>MAGIC for Time Series Analysis</em>, IPSA (January 1979).</li>
<li><em>X-11 in SHARP APL</em>, IPSA (February 1979).</li>
<li><em>Graduation</em>, IPSA (February 1979).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL Functions for Statistical Analysis</em>, IPSA (March 1979).</li>
<li>P. Berry, <em>SHARP APL Reference Manual</em>, IPSA (March 1971).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL Message Passing Facility</em>, IPSA (May 1979).</li>
<li><em>Mailbox: Sharp APL Message Processing Facility</em>, IPSA (May 1979).</li>
<li><em>o6g Data Base Reference Guide</em>, IPSA (May 1979).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL Report Formatting</em>, IPSA (August 1979).</li>
<li><em>STARS: A Storage and Retrieval Subsystem Users Manual</em>, IPSA (November 1979).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>1980 [IPSA Box 1]
<ul>
<li><em>MAGIC User's Manual</em>, IPSA (1980).</li>
<li><em>TEXTEDIT Users' Manual</em>, IPSA (1980)</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL Message Processing Facility</em>, IPSA (May 1980).</li>
<li><em>Mailbox: Sharp APL Message Processing Facility</em>, IPSA (May 1980).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>1981 [IPSA Box 1 and 1A]
<ul>
<li><em>CONSOL Reference Manual</em>, IPSA (1981).</li>
<li><em>CONSOL Illustrations</em>, IPSA (1981).</li>
<li><em>SAGA Reference Manual</em>, IPSA (1981).</li>
<li><em>SNAP User's Manual; SHARP Network Analysis for Projects</em>, IPSA (1981).</li>
<li><em>A SHARP APL Minicourse</em>, IPSA (January 1981).</li>
<li><em>Batch Tasks in SHARP APL</em>, IPSA (February 1981).</li>
<li><em>Sharp Special Systems</em>, IPSA (March 1981).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL File System</em>, IPSA (April 1981).</li>
<li>P. Berry, <em>SHARP APL Reference Manual</em>, IPSA (June 1981).</li>
<li><em>SHARP Operational Notes</em> (SONS), IPSA (1 June, 1981).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL Internal Notes</em> (SINS), IPSA (30 June, 1981).</li>
<li><em>Lease Evaluation System User's Guide</em>, IPSA (July 1981).</li>
<li><em>Changes to MABRA</em>, IPSA (November 1981).</li>
<li><em>A Working Introduction to APL,</em> APL educational material (student's set), I.P. Sharp Education Group (1981) [WK, Box 1A]; the set includes:
<ul>
<li>K.I. Iverson, <em>A Working Introduction to APL,</em> IPSA (1981).</li>
<li><em>APL Language,</em> IBM GC26-3874-4, File no. S370-22 (July 1978).</li>
<li>P.Berry, <em> SHARP APL Reference Manual,</em> IPSA (June 1981).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><em>A Working Introduction to APL,</em> APL educational material (instructor's set), I.P. Sharp Education Group (1981) [WK, Box 1A]; the set includes:
<ul>
<li>K.I. Iverson, <em>A Working Introduction to APL,</em> instructor's handbook, IPSA (1981).</li>
<li><em>APL Language,</em> IBM GC26-3874-4, File no. S370-22 (July 1978).</li>
<li>P.Berry, <em> SHARP APL Reference Manual,</em> IPSA (June 1981).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><em>A Working Introduction to APL,</em> 35mm slides, IPSA (1981) [WK, Box 1A].</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>1982 [IPSA Box 1]
<ul>
<li><em>FASTNET Users' Guide</em>, IPSA (1982).</li>
<li><em>XTABS User's Guide</em>, IPSA (1982).</li>
<li><em>Using the I.P. Sharp System: A Handbook for Nonprogrammers</em>, IPSA (1982).</li>
<li><em>APE: APL Program Editor,</em> IPSA (May 1982).</li>
<li><em>Sharp TSIO Users Guide,</em> IPSA (May 1982).</li>
<li><em>SHARP Operational Notes (SONS),</em> IPSA (May 1982).</li>
<li><em>SHARP Internal Notes (SINS),</em> IPSA (May 1982).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL: Pocket Reference,</em> IPSA (September 1982).</li>
<li><em>SUPERPLOT: A Complete Plotting Package</em>, IPSA (September 1982).</li>
<li><em>SHARP Internal Notes (SINS),</em> IPSA (November 1982).</li>
<li><em>SHARP Operational Notes (SONS),</em> IPSA (November 1982).</li>
<li><em>SHARP Operational Notes (SONS): 1981</em>, IPSA (November 1982).</li>
<li><em>SHARP Technical Notes (STANS),</em> IPSA (November 1982).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, May 1982 Release, Summary of Changes,</em> IPSA (November 1982).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, Control Blocks and Data Areas,</em> IPSA (November 1982).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, Release Installation Guide,</em> IPSA (November 1982).</li>
<li><em>Public Data Bases Overview</em>, IPSA (December 1982).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>1983 [IPSA Box 2]
<ul>
<li><em>MAGICSTORE User's Guide</em>, IPSA (1983).</li>
<li><em>MABRA Users' Guide</em>, IPSA (1983).</li>
<li><em>SIFT Users' Guide</em>, IPSA (1983).</li>
<li><em>Applications Software Installation Package,</em> IPSA (May 1983).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, System Administrator's Library: System Administrator's Guide,</em> IPSA (May 1983).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, System Programmer's Library: SHARP APL Auxiliary Processors,</em> IPSA (May 1983).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, System Programmer's Library: SHARP APL Supervisor Manual,</em> IPSA (May 1983).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, System Programmer's Library: APE: APL Program Editor,</em> IPSA (May 1983).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, System Programmer's Library: Major DSECTS and EQUATES,</em> IPSA (May 1983).</li>
<li><em>SHARP Internal Notes (SINS),</em> IPSA (May 1983).</li>
<li><em>SHARP Operational Notes (SONS),</em> IPSA (May 1983).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, Operator's Library: Messages and Codes,</em> IPSA (May 1983).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, System Monitor,</em> IPSA (May 1983).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL MVS System, May 1983 Release, Initial Distribution Installation Manual,</em> IPSA (May 1983).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, May 1983 VSE Release Update Guide</em>, IPSA (May 1983).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, May 1983 VSE Release Update Guide, Summary of Changes</em>, IPSA (May 1983).</li>
<li><em>SHARP Internal Notes (SINS),</em> IPSA (May 1983).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, May 1983 Release, Update #1,</em> IPSA (August 1983).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL Release 15</em> (aka May 1983); binder of documents including:
<ul>
<li><em>SHARP APL, May 1983 VSE Release Update Guide,</em> IPSA (May 1983).</li>
<li><em>Application Software Package,</em> IPSA (May 1983).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL MVS System, May 1983 Release, Initial Distribution Installation Manual,</em> IPSA (May 1983).</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>1984 [IPSA Box 2]
<ul>
<li><em>SHARP APL, Sharp TSIO Users Guide,</em> IPSA (1984).</li>
<li><em>The SHARP APL Utility Library</em>, version 1, 1 December, 1983, IPSA (January 1984).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL (MVS Host), May 1983 Release, Update #2 Guide,</em> IPSA (January 1984).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL Systems, May 1983 Release, Update #2 Guide, Summary of Changes</em> IPSA (January 1984).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL/PC Handbook, Preliminary Edition, SHARP APL/PC, Release 0</em>, IPSA (14 February, 1984). [WK]</li>
<li><em>SUPERPLOT Reference Card,</em> IPSA (January 1984).</li>
<li><em>Mailbox: Sharp APL Message Processing Facility,</em> IPSA (March 1984).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL/PC, version 1,</em> IPSA (March 1984). [RB]</li>
<li><em>IPSANET</em>, IPSA (March 1984).</li>
<li><em>Information Manager's Tool Kit User Guide</em>, v. 1.0, IPSA (March 1984);</li>
<li><em>Commodities Data Base</em>, IPSA (April 1984).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL (MVS Host), May 1983 Release, Update #3 Guide,</em> IPSA (1 April 1984).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL (MVS Host), May 1983 Release, Update #3 Guide, Summary of Changes,</em> IPSA (1 April 1984).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL Systems, System Programmer's Library: SHARP APL Supervisor Manual,</em> IPSA (1 April, 1984).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, Communications Processor,</em> IPSA (19, April, 1984).</li>
<li><em>X-11 in SHARP APL</em>, IPSA (June 1984).</li>
<li><em>WSDOC: SHARP APL Workspace Documentation Facility User's Guide</em>, IPSA (September 1984).</li>
<li><em>Mailbox Reference Card,</em> IPSA (September 1984).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL: Pocket Reference, SHARP APL/370, SHARP APL/PC,</em> IPSA (September 1984)</li>
<li><em>IBM 3270 User Guide (IDSH),</em> IPSA (December 1984).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>1985 [IPSA Box 3]
<ul>
<li><em>SHARP APL Release 17 User's Guide, SHARP APL/370, SHARP APL/PC, SHARP APL/PCX</em>, IPSA (1985).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, Major Dsects and Equates, Release 17,</em> IPSA (15 January, 1985).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL/PCX,</em> Version 1, SHARP APL Release 17, IPSA (February 1985) [RB].</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL/PC,</em> Version 2, SHARP APL Release 17, IPSA (February 1985) [RB].</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, Release 17 User's Guide, SHARP APL/370, SHARP APL/PC, SHARP APL/PCX</em>, IPSA (February 1985).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, System Programmer's Library: SHARP APL Supervisor Manual,</em> IPSA (1 April, 1984).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL/370 MVS Release 17, Bridge to GDDM [AP126]</em>, IPSA (1 May, 1985).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, System Monitor, Release 17,</em> IPSA (1 May, 1985).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, System Administrator's Guide, Release 17,</em> IPSA (1 May, 1985).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, Utilities Manual, Release 17,</em> IPSA (1 May, 1985).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, File and Workspace Utility Conversion, Release 17,</em> IPSA (1 May, 1985).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, Messages and Codes, Release 17,</em> IPSA (1 May, 1985).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL/370, Release 17, MVS Host</em> IPSA (1 May, 1985).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, Internal and Operational Changes, Release 17,</em> IPSA (1 May, 1985).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, Upgrade Guide, Release 17,</em> IPSA (1 May 1985).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, System Maintenance Guide, Release 17,</em> IPSA (1 May, 1985).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, Auxiliary Processors, Release 17,</em> IPSA (15 May, 1985).</li>
<li><em>HCPRINT User's Guide,</em> IPSA (June 1985).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL/370 MVS Release 17, Bridge to GDDM</em>, IPSA (August 1985).</li>
<li><em>SUPERPLOT User's Guide</em>, IPSA (November 1985).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, Upgrade Guide, Release 17 VSE,</em> IPSA (11 December, 1985).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>1986 [IPSA Box 3]
<ul>
<li><em>HSPRINT: SHARP APL/370 High-speed Print Facility User's Guide</em>, IPSA (1986).</li>
<li><em>Logos User's Guide</em>, IPSA (1986).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL/370 Release 17.1,</em> IPSA (January 1986).</li>
<li><em>VSDI User's Guide, Preliminary edition; SHARP APL/370 VSAM Data Set Auxiliary Processor (VSDI),</em> IPSA (January 1986).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL Systems, Release Update 17.2,</em> IPSA (April 1986).</li>
<li><em>ECS: An Electronic Conferencing System User's Guide</em>, IPSA (May 1986).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL/370 Release 17.3,</em> IPSA (July 1986).</li>
<li><em>Data Center Master Index, SHARP APL/370 System Documentation, release 17</em>, IPSA (July 1986).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL/370 Release 17.4,</em> IPSA (August 1986).</li>
<li><em>INFOMAGIC User's Guide</em>, IPSA (October 1986).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>1987 [IPSA Box 3]
<ul>
<li><em>SHARP APL/370 Release 19 Internal and Operational Changes</em>, IPSA (31 March, 1987).</li>
<li><em>Release 19 Guide for APL Programmers, Sharp APL Distributed Sites, SHARP APL/370</em>, IPSA (March 1987).</li>
<li><em>MAILBOX Line Mode User's Guide,</em> IPSA (June 1987).</li>
<li><em>MAILBOX Line Mode Reference Card,</em> IPSA (December 1987). [RPr]</li>
<li><em>MAILBOX/PC User's Guide,</em> IPSA (July 1987).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL/370 Release 17.6, FILESORT Upgrade</em> IPSA (20 July, 1987).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL/370 Release 19 Upgrade Guide</em>, IPSA (20 July, 1987).</li>
<li><em>SACF 1.0. SHARP APL/370 Interface to External ACF, SHARP APL Systems Release Update 19.4</em>, IPSA (31 August, 1987).</li>
<li><em>SACF 1.0. SHARP APL/370 Interface to External ACF, Upgrade Guide, SHARP APL Systems Release Update 19.4</em>, IPSA (31 August, 1987).</li>
<li><em>File Conversions</em>, IPSA (September 1987).</li>
<li><em>SIGNON Procedures To Access the I.P. Sharp Online Services</em>, IPSA (October 1987).</li>
<li><em>MAIBOX/Line Mode,</em> reference card, IPSA (December 1987).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>1988 [IPSA Box 3]
<ul>
<li><em>SAX. Program Logic Manual,</em> edition 1.5, IPSA (1988).</li>
<li><em>Release 19.8 Update for APL Programmers, Sharp APL/370</em>, IPSA (January 1988).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL/370 Release 19.8, Installation Planning Guide</em>, IPSA (May 1988).</li>
<li><em>SIGNON Procedures To Access the I.P. Sharp Online Services</em>, IPSA (August 1988).</li>
<li><em>VIEWPOINT reference card</em>, IPSA (August 1988).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL System Overview</em>, IPSA (September 1988).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>1989 [IPSA Box 4]
<ul>
<li><em>MAGIC,</em> keyword reference, IPSA (February 1989).</li>
<li><em>VIEWPOINT</em>, reference booklet, IPSA (August 1989).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL Release 20, Guide for APL Programmers</em>, IPSA (September 1989).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL Release 20, Internal and Operational Changes</em>, IPSA (September 1989).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL Release 20, Upgrade Guide</em>, IPSA (September 1989).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL Release 20, Installation Planning Guide</em>, IPSA (September 1989).</li>
<li>R. Bernecky, <em>ACORN: APL to C on Real Numbers,</em> IPSA Research Report, 1989-2 (1989).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>1990 [IPSA Box 4]
<ul>
<li><em>VIEWPOINT 2.3, Installation Instructions</em>, IPSA (1990?).</li>
<li><em>VIEWPOINT 2.3, Release Notes</em>, IPSA (1990).</li>
<li><em>VIEWPOINT 2.3: DB2 Direct View, supplement to the Viewpoint Reference Manual</em>, IPSA (1990).</li>
<li><em>VIEWPOINT 2.3 UPGRADE, Supplementary Documentation</em>, IPSA (1990).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL: Pocket Reference, SHARP APL/370, SHARP APL/PC,</em> RISL (September 1990).</li>
<li><em>LOGOS, Pocket Reference,</em> RISL (1990). [RPr]</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>1991 [IPSA Box 4]
<ul>
<li><em>SHARP APL Version 20 Performance Package, Internal and Operational Changes</em>, RISL (1991).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL Version 20 Performance Package, Upgrade Guide</em>, RISL (1991).</li>
<li><em>NSVP 1.2 User's Guide,</em> RISL (1991). [RPr]</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>1992 [IPSA Box 4]
<ul>
<li><em>SHARP APL 4.0 for UNIX</em>, APL Software Division, RISL (1992).</li>
<li><em>VIEWPOINT DBIUTILS USER's GUIDE</em>, RISL (1992).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>1993 [IPSA Box 4]
<ul>
<li><em>Mailbox Steward's Guide, Version 9.3 Update</em>, SAL (1993).</li>
<li><em>MAILBOX Installation Guide, Version 9.3 Update</em>, SAL (1993).</li>
<li><em>VIEWPOINT 2.3.2, Instruction Sheet</em>, SAL (May 1993).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>1994 [IPSA Box 4]
<ul>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. MVSLink 1.5 Installation Guide</em>, SAL (1994).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. MVSLink 1.5 Configuration, Operation, and Maintenance Guide</em>, SAL (1994).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. Guide for APL Programmers, Version 21</em>, SAL (1994).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>1995 [IPSA Box 4]
<ul>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. Performance Package Upgrade Guide</em>, SAL (1995).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. Performance Package, Internal and Operational Changes</em>, SAL (1995).</li>
<li><em>Socket Client Library: System Administrator's Guide</em>, SAL (199?).</li>
<li><em>Socket Interface User's Guide</em>, v. 1.1, SAL (1995).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>1998 [IPSA Box 4]
<ul>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. TSIO User's Guide, Version 2.0</em>, SAL (1998).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. TSIO Upgrade Guide, Version 2.0</em>, SAL (1998).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. AVAM Upgrade Guide, Version 2.0</em>, SAL (1998).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for MVS. AVAM Configuration, Operation, and Maintenance, Version 2.0</em>, SAL (1998).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>1999 [IPSA Box 4]
<ul>
<li><em>SHARP APL for VMS, Supervisory Manual,</em> SAL (1999).</li>
<li><em>Advanced SHARP APL Shared Variables</em>, RISL (199?).</li>
<li><em>FXOrderwatch: Benchmarking Guide</em>, RISL (10 June, 1999).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>2000 [IPSA Box 4]
<ul>
<li><em>SHARP APL, Socket Client Library, User's Guide</em>, SAL (2000). [RPr]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, Socket Client Library, System Administrator's Guide</em>, SAL (2000).</li>
<li><em>Auxiliary Processors Manual (Revised Contents), SHARP APL for MVS</em>, SAL (2000).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for OS/390. NSVP TCP/IP Device Driver Installation Guide</em>, SAL (2000).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for OS/390. Pocket Reference </em>, SAL (2000). [RPr]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL for UNIX, Upgrade Guide</em>, version 6.0, SAL (2000). [RPr]</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"> <strong>IPSA INTERNAL and CORPORATE DOCUMENTS [IPSA Box 4]</strong></span>
<ul>
<li><em>APL Project to Date: May 27/69, APL Seminar</em>, IPSA (1969). [WK, Int 27]</li>
<li><em>APL Project to Date: May 29/69,</em>, IPSA (1969). [WK, Int 27]</li>
<li><em>User Related Changes,</em> IPSA (December 1980). [Int 15]</li>
<li>A Company Profile, IPSA (January 1980). [Int 18]</li>
<li><em>Security of Software Development and System Maintenance</em>, IPSA PM-81-5013-06B (August 1981). [Int 19]</li>
<li>Several internal I.P. Sharp memos and letters, 1980--1983. [Int 24]</li>
<li>SHARP APL Program Product Installations (November 1981). [Int 17]</li>
<li>Minutes of ZOO and SDOC Planning meetings (1982--1984). [Int 3]</li>
<li>Workspace Documentation for 3150815 MAILSRC, version 19.33.17 (19 October, 1983).</li>
<li>In-House Billing, Workspace Documentation for 1524301 BILLMAINT, version 14.43.12, 05/02/83, IPSA (1983).</li>
<li>In-House Billing, Workspace Documentation for 1524301 INHSETUP, version 15.57.31, 01/06/83, IPSA (1983).</li>
<li>In-House Billing, Workspace Documentation for 1524301 INHBILL, version 15.23.05, 10/07/83, IPSA (10 October, 1983).</li>
<li>I.P.Sharp internal guidelines for negotiating contracts for the SHARP APL Program Product, 1983. [Int 1]</li>
<li>Portfolio of documents of IPSA 1985 annual meeting of shareholders; the portfolio includes (among other documents) the notice of meeting and 1984 financial statements. [WK, Int 29]</li>
<li>SHARP APL Release 17, various internal documents (1985). [Int 11]</li>
<li>Documents concerning SHARP APL/VSE product (1985-86). [Int 22]</li>
<li>D. Mason, <em>Corporate Image -- Research and Technology Contributions</em>, memo (22 May, 1986). [Int 23]</li>
<li>I.P. Sharp Associates Limited organizational structure (19 March, 1987). [Int 18]</li>
<li>Minutes of meetings, budgets, mission statements of various IPSA groups: Software Group, ZDIST, RATS, Group 91, WET (1983-1988). [Int 20]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL/370 Morgan-Stanley Custom Contract: #FM Beta Test Site,</em> IPSA (1987). [Int 12]</li>
<li>D. Webb, <em>The SHARP APL\370 Interpreter Major Control Blocks</em>, IPSA (1987). [Int 16]</li>
<li>A. Atkey, <em>Comparing SHARP APL and APL2: A Management Overview</em> (May 1987). [Int 4]</li>
<li>Release 19.3 of SHARP APL/370 documentation and product announcement (October 1987). [Int 13]</li>
<li><em>Release Update 19.5 of SHARP APL/37, VTH 1.0 Installation Guide</em>, and other documentation (20 November, SHARP1987). [Int 14]</li>
<li>SAPL/CMS Requirements Specification (December 1987). [Int 19]</li>
<li>SVP, NSVP, SSQL internal documentation (1988). [Int 7]</li>
<li>APLMON 2.0, Release 19.6 documentation (April/May 1988). [Int 8]</li>
<li>Release 19.8 of SHARP APL/370 documentation (May 1988). [Int 2]</li>
<li>Release 19, known problems list (1987-88) [Int 6].</li>
<li>Release 19, benchmark test results (July 1988). [Int 6]</li>
<li>SHARP APL, Release 19.12, upgrade checklist, instruction checklist, and other documentation (April-August 1988). [Int 10]</li>
<li>SSQL upgrade checklist (9 July, 1988). [Int 9]</li>
<li>IPSA press releases. [Int 21]</li>
<li>MVS/ESA update documentation (December 1988). [Int 5]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL System Overview,</em> I.P. SHARP Software, IPSA (September 1988).</li>
<li>Presentations and other documents from the <em>Internal Technical Exchange Seminar</em>, (ITES), IPSA/RISL (7 June, 1989). [Int 28]</li>
<li><em>Shape, the IPSA Application Development Platform: An Overview of Shape's Principles, Internal Technical Memorandum</em>, IPSA (December 1989). [Int 26]</li>
<li>The announcement of the formation of the APL Software Division at RISL, RISL (November 1991). [Int 25]</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"> <strong>PROMOTIONAL LITERATURE, CATALOGUES, PRODUCT and PRICE LISTS [IPSA Box 5]</strong></span>
<ul>
<li><em>IPS COBOL</em>, IPSA (1970). [Pro 1]</li>
<li><em>A guide to SHARP APL</em>, IPSA (1973). [Pro 1]</li>
<li><em>IPSA 100 Video Data Terminal,</em> brochure (197?). [WK, Pro 1]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL on your In-house Computer</em>, IPSA (1980). [Pro 2]</li>
<li><em> MAILBOX</em>, IPSA (February 1981). [Pro 3]</li>
<li><em>How to Make Project Planning a SNAP: A modern approach to computerized project planning</em>, IPSA (March 1982). [Pro 2]</li>
<li><em>Public Workspaces Catalogue</em>, IPSA (1982).</li>
<li><em>MAGICSTORE: Multidimensional Data Storage and Retrieval System</em>, IPSA (1983). [Pro 3]</li>
<li><em>MABRA Solves Information management Puzzle</em>, IPSA (June 1983). [Pro 3]</li>
<li><em>System Software Catalogue</em>, IPSA (November 1983). [Pro 4]</li>
<li><em>I.P.Sharp Associates: An Overview</em>, IPSA (March 1984). [Pro 1]</li>
<li><em>MABRA Solves the Information Management Puzzle</em>, IPSA (June 1984). [Pro 3]</li>
<li><em>IPSANET: I.P. Sharp Communications Network</em>, IPSA (May 1985). [Pro 1]</li>
<li><em>Personal SHARP APL</em>, IPSA (January 1986). [Pro 3]</li>
<li>SHARP APL product announcements, technical overviews and price lists 1987-1993. [Pro 5, Pro 6]</li>
<li><em>APLMON</em>, IPSA (May 1988). [Pro 1]</li>
<li><em> MAILBOX</em>, IPSA (August 1988). [Pro 1]</li>
<li><em>We share more with our worldwide clients than just computer time</em>, IPSA (198?). [Pro 1]</li>
<li><em>The Distributed SHARP APL System On Your Computer</em>, IPSA (198?). [Pro 2]</li>
<li><em>I.P. Sharp Associates APL Time-Sharing Network in Europe,</em> IPSA (January 1983). [Pro 2]</li>
<li><em>Discover SHARP APL for the IBM PC</em>, IPSA (198?). [Pro 3]</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL. Put the power to work for you</em>, SAL (199?). [Pro 2]</li>
<li>SHARP APL Release 19, 19.12, and 20 promotional material, RISL and SAL (1991-93). [Pro 6]</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"> <strong>NEWSLETTERS and MAGAZINES [IPSA Box 5]</strong></span>
<ul>
<li><em>APL Newsletter, IPSA </em><br />holdings: no. 3, May and no. 5, July, 1969.</li>
<li><em>I.P. Sharp Newsletter,</em> IPSA <br />holdings: October (1969) [WK], June/July (1973), and vol 2(?) (February/March 1974) to vol. 12 (1984).</li>
<li><em>IPSA Investment Club Newsletter,</em> IPSA <br />holdings: no. 2 (26 February, 1969) [WK], and no. 3 (1 May, 1969). [WK]</li>
<li><em>I.P. Sharp Financial & Economic Newsletter,</em> IPSA <br />holdings: vol. 3, no. 3 (1983), and vol. 4, no. 1 and 2 (1984).</li>
<li><em>IPSA News,</em> IPSA <br />holdings: vol. 13, no. 1 (June 1985).</li>
<li><em>Insite News: IPSA's newsletter for inhouse sites,</em> IPSA<br />holdings: vol. 2, no. 1--3 (1987) and vol. 3, no. 1--2 (1988).</li>
<li><em>APL Quote Quad</em>, ACM<br />holdings: vol. 1, no. 4 (1970) [WK]; vol. 2 (1970)-- vol. 3 (1972) [WK]; vol. 6 (1975) -- vol. 8 (1978) [WK]; vol. 9 (1978) -- vol. 12 (1982); vol. 13 (1982) -- vol. 21, no. 2 (1990) [RP]; vol. 21, no. 2 (December 1990) -- Vol. 22, no. 2 (December 1991) [RPr]; vol. 23, no. 2 (December 1992) [RP].</li>
<li><em>The 1989 ACM SIGAPL Index of APL Articles,</em> APL <em>Quote Quad</em> (1990). [RP]</li>
<li><em>The 1990 ACM SIGAPL Index of APL Articles,</em> APL <em>Quote Quad</em> (1991). [RP]</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"> <strong>APL CONFERENCES, MEETINGS, SEMINARS [IPSA Box 6 and Box 7]</strong></span>
<ul>
<li><em>Colloque APL, Enseignement et Application du Langage APL,</em> Paris, 9--10 September, Institut de Recherche D'Informatique et D'Automatique (IRIA) (1971). [WK]</li>
<li><em>Proceedings of the Fifth International APL Users' Conference (APL V)</em>, Toronto, 15--18 May, APL Technical Committee (1973). [WK]</li>
<li><em>Proceedings of the APL Congress 73,</em> Copenhagen, Denmark, 22--24 August, P. Gjerlov, H.J. Helms, and J. Nielsen (eds.), North-Holland (1973). [WK]</li>
<li><em>Proceedings of the Sixth International APL Users Conference,</em> Anaheim, Ca., 14--17 May, Coast Community College District (1974). [WK]</li>
<li><em> Proceedings of the Sixth International APL Users Conference,</em> May 14--17, Anaheim, California, Coast Community College District (1974). [WK]</li>
<li><em> APL 76</em>, proceedings of the APL76 Conference, Ottawa, 22--24 September, G.T. Hunter (ed), ACM (1976). [WK]</li>
<li>Archive of the <em>1978 APL Users Meeting</em>, September 18-20, Toronto; the archive includes: <em>An APL Users Meeting</em> conference proceedings, IPSA (1978); binder of the meeting's organization documents, and photographs taken during the event [in IPSA Box ?].</li>
<li><em>APL 79 Conference Proceedings,</em> Rochester, New York, 30 May - 1 June, ACM <em>APL Quote Quad</em>, vol. 9, no. 4 (June 1979).</li>
<li><em>APL in Practice: What You Need to Know to Install and Use Successful APL Systems and Major Applications</em>, Washington, D.C., 9-11 April, 1980, A.J. Rose and B.A. Schick (eds), John Wiley & Sons (1980).</li>
<li>Archive of the <em>1980 APL Users Meeting,</em> October 6-8, Toronto; the archive includes: <em>1980 APL Users Meeting</em> proceedings, IPSA (1980); conference registration material; over 500 photographs, photograph negatives, and pre-prints of photographs taken during the event [in IPSA Box ?].</li>
<li><em>APL 81 Conference Proceedings,</em> San Francisco, Ca., October 21-23, W.L. Anderson and D.G. Smith (eds.), ACM <em>APL Quote Quad</em>, vol. 12, no. 1 (September 1981).</li>
<li><em> APL 82 Conference Proceedings,</em> Heidelberg, Germany, July 26-30, W.H. Janko and W. Stucky (eds), ACM <em>APL Quote Quad</em>, vol. 13, no. 1, ACM (September 1982).</li>
<li>Archive of the <em>1982 APL Users Meeting,</em> October 4-6, Toronto; the archive includes: <em>1982 APL Users Meeting Proceedings</em>, vol. 1 and 2, IPSA (1982); <em>Workshop Reports</em>; conference registration package; <em>K.W. Keirstead, <em>An Introduction to APL for Managers,</em>, tutorial, and <em>1982 APL Users Meeting</em> schedule.</em></li>
<li><em>APL82,</em> conference announcement and registration form (1982).</li>
<li><em>APL83 Conference Proceedings</em>, Washington, D.C., April 10-13, L.A. Russell and D.M. Weintraub (eds), ACM <em>APL Quote-Quad</em> vol. 13, no. 3 (March 1983).</li>
<li><em>IPSA Distributed Software Symposium</em>, Toronto, November 14--17, 1983, conference materials, IPSA (1983).</li>
<li><em>APL84 Conference Proceedings</em>, Finland, June 11-15, ACM <em>APL Quote-Quad</em> vol. 14, no. 4 (June 1984) [RP].</li>
<li><em>The Information Center and Changing Technologies, 1984 APL Users Meeting</em>, October 15-17, Toronto, IPSA (1984);</li>
<li><em>1984 APL Users Meeting</em>, binder of conference material.</li>
<li><em>APL85 Conference Proceedings</em>, Seattle, Washington, May 12-16, J.A. Turner (ed.), ACM <em>APL Quote-Quad</em> vol. 15, no. 4 (1985). [RP]</li>
<li><em>APL86: APL in Action, Conference Proceedings</em>, Manchester, England, July 7-11, J. Ziemann (ed.), joint publication of ACM <em>APL Quote-Quad</em> vol. 16, no. 4 (1986) and Special Edition of VECTOR. [RP]</li>
<li><em>APL86 Tutorials</em>, Manchester, England, July 7-11, A. Camacho (ed.), British APL Association (1986). [RP]</li>
<li><em>APL87: APL In Transition, Conference Proceedings</em>, May 10-14, Dallas, Texas, J. Haliburton (ed), ACM <em>APL Quote-Quad</em> vol. 17, no. 4 (1987).</li>
<li><em>APL88, Conference Proceedings</em>, February 1-5, Sydnay, Australia, L.J. Dickey and L.C. Shaw (eda), ACM <em>APL Quote-Quad</em> vol. 18, no. 2 (December 1987). [RP]</li>
<li><em>IPSA TECH</em>, April 11-13, 1988, Toronto, Canada; proceedings, IPSA (1988).</li>
<li><em>APL89: APL as a Tool of Thought, Conference Proceedings,</em>, New York City, August 7-10, A. Kertesz and L.C. Shaw (eds), ACM <em>APL Quote-Quad</em> vol. 19, no. 4 (August 1989).</li>
<li><em>IPSA Internal Technical Exchange Seminar</em>, (ITES), IPSA/RISL (7 June, 1989). [Box 4, Int 28]</li>
<li><em>APL90: For the Future, Conference Proceedings,</em>, Denmark, P. Gjerlov (ed.), ACM <em>APL Quote-Quad</em> vol. 20, no. 4 (July 1990). [RP]</li>
<li><em>The World of SHARP APL,</em> Toronto, July 6, 1992, forum program and registration form, RISL (July 1992).</li>
<li><em>APL93, Taking a closer look, Conference Proceedings</em>, International Conference on APL, Toronto, August 15--19, E.M. Anzalone (ed), ACM <em>APL Quote Quad</em>, vol. 24, no. 1 (August 1993).</li>
<li>Video recordings from <em>APL93</em> [RB]:
<ul>
<li>K. Iverson, <em>Teaching Calculus,</em> 15 August, 1993, (VHS tape T1, also a DVD copy);</li>
<li>D. McIntyre, <em>An Introduction to J</em>, part 1, 15 August, 1993 (VHS tape T2, also a DVD copy);</li>
<li>R. Vaughan, <em>APL for Actuaries</em>, 15 August, 1993 (VHS tape T3);</li>
<li>D. McIntyre, <em>An Introduction to J</em>, parts 1, 2, 17 August, 1993 (VHS tape T7, also a DVD copy);</li>
<li>G. Langlet, <em>Building an APL Atlas of Natural Shapes</em>, 17 August, 1993 (VHS tape T8);</li>
<li>T. More, <em>Transfinite Nesting in Array-Theoretic Figures, Changes, Rigs & Arms</em>, 17 August, 1993 (VHS tape T9);</li>
<li><em>A GUI Standard for APL</em>, panel, 17 August, 1993 (VHS tape T10);</li>
<li>P. Lukasha, <em>Learning Modern Algebra</em>, 18 August, 1993 (VHS tape T13);</li>
<li><em>APL Help Facility</em>, Casa Loma Banquet 18 August, 1993 (VHS tape T14).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Archive of the <em>APL97 Conference</em>, August 17--20, Toronto; the archive includes conference proceedings and a binder of conference documents.</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><strong>PHOTOGRAPHS</strong></span>
<ul>
<li>1978 APL Users Meeting, September 18--20, Toronto; two photographs.</li>
<li>1980 APL Users Meeting, October 6--8, Toronto; 17 photographs and over 500 photograph negatives and pre-prints of photographs taken during the event.</li>
<li>1982 APL Users Meeting, October 4--6, Toronto; 26 photographs and pre-prints of photographs taken during the event.</li>
<li>1984 APL Users Meeting, October 15--17, 1984, Toronto; over 100 photographs taken during the event.</li>
<li>APL91 Conference, various photographs.</li>
<li>APL93 Conference, August 15--19, Toronto: over 220 photographs.</li>
<li>APL94 Conference, Belgium: Soliton Assoc. (?) team; 6 photographs.</li>
<li>Annual APL(?) Party, 1999, The Elmood, 18 photographs.</li>
<li>Toronto APL SIG, 23 September, 1996; two photographs of Roger Hui receiving the Kenneth E. Iverson Award from Bob Bernecky.</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><strong>APL BOOKS, ARTICLES, and OTHER PUBLICATIONS</strong></span>
<ul>
<li><em>APL Quote-Quad: The Early Years,</em> (A.E. Azzarello (ed), APL Press, Palo Alto (1982).</li>
<li>P.S. Abrams and G. Lacourly, <em>Informatique Par Telephone, Langage de Programmation APL,</em> Hermann, Paris (1972).</li>
<li>L. Alvord, <em>Probability in APL,</em> APL Press, Palo Alto, Ca. (1984).</li>
<li>J.W. Buckley et al, <em>Management Problem-Solving with APL. A Guide to the Solution of Typical Accounting and Finance Problems Through APL Time-Sharing,</em> John Wiley & Sons (1974).</li>
<li>P. Berry, <em>How the Package Data-Type Has Affected Programming</em>, IPSA, Palo Alto, Ca.</li>
<li>P. Berry, What the User Really Learns, lecture presented during the em>APL83 meeting in Washington, D.C. (1983).</li>
<li>C.B. Cameron, APL gains popularity for many good reasons, <em>Computing Canada</em> (14 October, 1980).</li>
<li>A.D. Falkoff and K.E. Iverson, <em>APL\360: User's Manual</em>, IBM(August 1968). [WK]</li>
<li>A.D. Falkoff and K.E. Iverson, <em>A Source Book in APL</em>, APL Press, Palo Alto (1981).</li>
<li>L. Gilman and A.J. Rose, <em>APL: An Interactive Approach</em>, John Wiley & Sons (1974).</li>
<li>L.D. Grey, <em>A Course in APL with Applications,</em>, Addison-Wesley (1976).</li>
<li>E. Harms and M.P. Zabinski, <em>Introduction to APL and Computer Programming</em>, John Wiley & Sons (1977).</li>
<li>K.E. Iverson, <em>Rationalized APL,</em> IPSA (January 6, 1983). [RPr]</li>
<li>K.E. Iverson, <em>Mathematics for Programmers</em> (July 1986).</li>
<li>K.E. Iverson, <em>Mathematics and Programming</em> (July 1986).</li>
<li>K.E. Iverson, <em>Applied Mathematics and Programming</em> (July 1986).</li>
<li>K.E. Iverson, Operators and Functions, <em>IBM Research Report</em> RC 7091, #30399 (26 June, 1978).</li>
<li>K.E. Iverson, <em>A Concise Dictionary of APL</em>, IPSA (July, 1986).[RPr]</li>
<li>K.E. Iverson, <em>A Dictionary of APL</em>, IPSA (March, 1987).</li>
<li>K.E. Iverson, <em>Tangible Math</em>, includes software (20 July, 1989).</li>
<li>K.E. Iverson, APL seeks wider user appeal. <em>Canadian Datasystems</em> (October 1981). [in IPSA Box 1A]</li>
<li>K.E. Iverson, <em>Introducing APL to Teachers.</em> APL Press, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania (1976).</li>
<li>K.E. Iverson, <em>Introduction to APL</em> (includes software), APL Press, Palo Alto, Ca. (1984).</li>
<li>K.E. Iverson, <em>APL Language</em>, APL Press, Palo Alto, Ca. (1984).</li>
<li>P.M. Kendall, The Bytocratic Revolution, <em>Intermarket</em> (April 1986).</li>
<li>J. Kirchner, Data Base Stores Congressional Voting Records, <em>Computerworld</em> (9 June, 1980).</li>
<li>W.R. LePage, <em>Applied APL Programming,</em>Prentice-Hall (1978).</li>
<li>E.E. McDonnell, <em>the four cube problem: a case study in basic, apl, and functional programming</em>, APL Press, Palo Alto Ca. (1981).</li>
<li>T.J. Mock and M.A. Vasarhelyi, <em>APL for Management</em>, Melville Publishing Co., Los Angeles (1972).</li>
<li>J.T. Monk and K.M. Landis, Canadian Data Vendor Sets Historic Pricing Standards, <em>Wall Street Computer Review</em> (March 1987).</li>
<li>T. Nishikawa, <em>APL as Rosetta Stone Language,</em> Science House, Tokyo (1989).</li>
<li>R. Oerth(?), <em>Sharp APL at Credit Suisse (GLS)</em>, presentation (1994).</li>
<li>S. Pakin, <em>APL\360 Reference Manual</em>, 2nd ed., Science Research Associates Inc. (1972).</li>
<li>S. Pakin, <em>APL: A Short Course,</em> Prentice-Hall (1973).</li>
<li>J.B. Rocheste, APL: A Programming Language, an interview with Ken Iverson, reprint from Computerworld (15 February, 1982).</li>
<li>K.W. Smillie, <em>APL\360 with Statistical Examples,</em> Addison-Wesley (1974).</li>
<li>D. Thomas, The Invisible Empire of Ian Sharp, <em>Canadian Bu$iness</em> (September 1983).</li>
<li><em>APL Language: reference manual for K.E. Iverson's self-study course Introduction to APL.</em> APL Press, Palo Alto, Ca. (1984).</li>
<li>I.P. Sharp, the impact of electronic mail on management functions, <em>Business Quarterly</em> (summer 1981).</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><strong>OTHER DOCUMENTS</strong> </span>
<ul>
<li>Margot S. Tate, <em>Corporate U.S.A: Revenue and Expense System Documentation</em> (October 1979).</li>
<li>SHARP APL notes (handwritten), author unknown (1985).</li>
<li>PLOT demo, IPSA (1982?).</li>
<li><em>I.P. Sharp Associates Customer Education,</em> course information on SHARP APL, IPSA (May 1978). [WK]</li>
<li>Soliton News releases: Toronto, May 1993; Toronto, July 19, 1993; Toronto, August 16, 1993.</li>
<li><em>REUTERS Advanced SHARP APL Language Elements</em>, RISL; package includes (among other items):
<ul>
<li><em>SHARP APL, Release 17 User's Guide, Sharp APL/370, APL/PC, APL/PCX</em>, IPSA (February 1985);</li>
<li><em>Release 19 Guide for APL Programmers, Sharp APL Distributed Sites, Sharp APL/370</em>, IPSA (March 1987);</li>
<li><em>Release 19.8 Update for APL Programmers, Sharp APL/370</em>, IPSA (January 1988);</li>
<li><em>Sharp APL Release 20.0, Guide for for APL Programmers, Sharp APL/370</em>, IPSA (September 1989).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL Release 17</em>, IPSA [Box IPSA ?, 1985]; package includes:
<ul>
<li><em>SHARP APL Release 17 User's Guide, SHARP APL/370, SHARP APL/PC, SHARP APL/PCX</em>, IPSA (1985).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, Internal and Operational Changes, Release 17,</em> IPSA (1 May, 1985).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, Upgrade Guide, Release 17,</em> IPSA (1 May 1985).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL/370 Release 17.1,</em> IPSA (January 1986).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL Systems, Release Update 17.2,</em> IPSA (April 1986).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL/370 Release 17.3,</em> IPSA (July 1986).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL/370 Release 17.4,</em> IPSA (August 1986).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL/370 Release 17.6, FILESORT Upgrade</em> IPSA (20 July, 1987).</li>
<li><em>SHARP APL, Upgrade Guide, Release 17 VSE,</em> IPSA (11 December, 1985).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Mike Symes, <em>SHARP APL Socket Server Manager (SSM),</em> SAL(?) (1 November, 1998).</li>
<li>Mike Symes, <em>The HTTP server,</em> SAL(?), (13 November, 1998).</li>
<li>Mike Symes, <em>The FTP server,</em> SAL(?) (November 1998?).</li>
<li>SHARP APL System invoices (1974-75). [WK]</li>
</ul>
Subject
The topic of the resource
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://museum1.eecs.yorku.ca/www_decorations/ipsa_logo.jpg" alt="Logo" width="15%" height="15%" border="0" /></p>
Documents and other objects released, published by, or related to I.P. Sharp Associates (IPSA).
collection listing
a list of artifacts in a collection
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
APL Images & Photographs
Subject
The topic of the resource
photographs and digital images
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1960s-1990s
Relation
A related resource
Soliton SHARP APL Collection Listing, MCM Collection
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
digital listing
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
collection listing
Description
An account of the resource
photographs and digital images related to the APL programming language
-
https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/614e30ce58c479764671606e4d61404d.jpg
0c8f650cb490ed49bfc82a8f72740ab7
https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/6edc06380f69bcfdb70ddb60e9eac6b4.jpg
78dd8748b41f806bc4069219e1cf5a8d
https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/ac2ecab14b982a47b7ed2acb87f60d1a.jpg
d7776750fc36eca1a817725f793059f4
https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/10e69420792b0ccdef4140908c73f3a9.jpg
e59c87234814adbada5845480ed33982
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
ATI Collection
Description
An account of the resource
ATI Technologies Inc. was an electronics corporation and a world leader that specialized in the design, development, and manufacture of computer graphics solutions and chipsets for computer desktop and notebook platforms as well as workstation, set-top box, game console and handhold markets.
<p>The company was founded in 1985 in Markham, Ontario as Array Technology Inc. (or ATI) by K.Y. Ho, Lee Ka Lau, Benny Lau, and Francis Lau. ATI's first successful line of integrated graphics cards (sold to IBM and Commodore) allowed the company to rapidly grow into one of the leading manufacturers in its sector and to go public in 1993. By 2001, its revenues exceeded US $1 billion.</p>
<p>ATI introduced several lines of graphics cards and chipsets including EGA and VGA Wonder in the late 1980s, the Mach8, 32, and 64 in the early 1990s, Rage and All-in-Wonder in the second half of the 1990s, and the Radeon line of graphics products in the early 2000s.</p>
<p>In 2006, ATI was acquired by Advanced Micro Devices (or AMD) which continued to use the ATI branding until 2010.</p>
<b> Acquisition:</b> The objects in the collection have been donated by: AMD and Zbigniew Stachniak. <br /><br /><strong><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">HARDWARE</span></strong>
<ul>
<li>ATI VIP graphics card (1988)</li>
<li>ATI VGA Wonder-16, rev. 2 (1988)</li>
<li>ATI VGA 1024 graphics card, v4-01 (1989)</li>
<li>ATI VGA 1024 graphics card, V60M-1.03 (1990)</li>
<li>ATI VGA WONDER+ graphics card (1990)</li>
<li>ATI 2400etc/e modem (1990)</li>
<li>ATI 28300 SA Graphics Adapter (1991)</li>
<li>ATI ATi Graphics Vantage card (1991)</li>
<li>VGAWonder XL24, ver. 4.1, ATI (1992)</li>
<li>ATI 14.4I/R.1.625 board (1993)</li>
<li>ATI VGAWONDER GT graphics card (1993)</li>
<li>ATI All-in-Wonder prototype, PCI bus, multimedia board (1994?)</li>
<li>ATI GR WONDER VLB (1994)</li>
<li>ATI PCI MARCH64 video card (1996)</li>
<li>ATI PCI MARCH64 GT video card (1997)</li>
<li>ATI RageII+ graphics card (1997)</li>
<li>ATI 3d cHARGER (1997)</li>
<li>ATI Rage 128PRO video card (2000)</li>
<li>ATI Radeon 7000 32MB TVO (2001)</li>
<li>ATI All-in-Wonder 9800 PRO, AGP 8x, multimedia board (2002)</li>
<li>ATI TV Wonder USB 2.0, TV tuner, video capture adapter (2004?)</li>
<li>ATI Radeon EAX1800 (2005)</li>
<li>ATI HD 2600 PRO, AGP 8x512MB, multimedia board (2005?)</li>
<li>ATI Theater tuner capture, PCIExpress 16MB, video capture board (2005?)</li>
<li>ATI Radeon HD 3650, PCIExpress 256MB, GPU board (2006?)</li>
<li>ATI Radeon HD 3650, AGP 8x512MB 256MB, GPU board (2006?)</li>
<li>ATI RV100, PCIExpress 64MB, GPU board (2002?)</li>
<li>ATI RV351, AGPx8, GPU board (2006?)</li>
<li>ATI M24 dual GPU, PCIExpress, MCM memory, custom DFP display GPU board (200?)</li>
<li>ATI RV620 display port, PCIExpress 256MB, GPU board (2008?)</li>
<li>AMD ATI Radeon B276 graphics card (2008?)</li>
<li>ATI FirePRO MultiView, PCIExpress 256MB, workstation GPU (2008?)</li>
<li>AMD ATI B403, PCIExpress 256MB, display GPU board (2010?)</li>
<li>AMD ATI B276 109-B27631-00 256MB Low Profile PCI-e DVI S-Video Graphics Card (200?)</li>
</ul>
<strong><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">SOFTWARE</span></strong>
<ul>
<li>EGA Wonder, ATI (5.25" diskette, 1986)</li>
<li>ATI Graphics Solution (5.25" diskette, 1987)</li>
<li>VGA Wonder, rev. 1.01, ATI (two 5.25" diskettes, 1988)</li>
<li>VGA 1024, ver. 2.2, ATI (four 5.25" diskettes, 1989)</li>
<li>VGAWonder GT, ver. 1.0, ATI (two 5.25" diskettes, 1990-93)</li>
<li>VGAWonder GT, ver. 4.1, ATI (two 5.25" diskettes, 1990-93)</li>
<li>mach64 NT Installation Disk, ver. 2.01 (two 3.5" diskettes, 1990-95)</li>
<li>mach64 NT Driver, ver. 2.00 (two 3.5" diskettes, 1990-95)</li>
<li>mach64 Windows 3.1x Driver/MPEG player, ver. 2.01 (two 3.5" diskettes, 1990-95)</li>
<li>mach64 Windows 95 Driver/MPEG player, ver. 2.01 and 2.08 (two 3.5" diskettes, 1990-95)</li>
<li>mach64 NT Driver/MPEG player, ver. 2.00 (one 3.5" diskette, 1990-95)</li>
<li>VGAWonder XL24, ver. 4.0, ATI (two 5.25" diskettes, 1992)</li>
<li>VGAWonder XL24, ver. 4.1, ATI (two 5.25" diskettes, 1990-93)</li>
<li>Graphics Solution, ATI (one 5.25" diskette, 199?)</li>
</ul>
<strong><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">MANUALS, TECHNICAL LITERATURE</span></strong>
<ul>
<li><em>Graphics Solution, Operation Manual</em>, ATI (April 1987)</li>
<li><em>Graphics Solution, Manual</em>, ATI (June 1988)</li>
<li><em>Graphics Solution, Manual</em>, version 2.0, ATI (September 1989)</li>
<li><em>VGA Wonder, High Performance VGA, User's Guide</em>, version 3.0, ATI (July 1989)</li>
<li><em>2400etc User's Guide</em>, version 1.0, ATI (July 1990)</li>
<li><em>9600ETC-E User's Guide</em>, version 3.0, ATI (December 1991)</li>
<li><em>Stereo-F/X User's Guide</em>, version 1.0, ATI (September 1991)</li>
<li><em>ATI 14400 ETC-Express User's Guide</em>, fax-modem, version 1, ATI (October 1993)</li>
<li><em>VGAWonder GT, User's Guide</em>, version 1.0, ATI (June 1993)</li>
<li><em>VGAWonder XL24, User's Guide</em>, version 3.2, ATI (June 1993)</li>
<li><em>VIDEO BASIC User's Guide</em>, version 1.0, ATI (August 1994)</li>
<li><em>VIDEO-iT! User's Guide</em>, version 1.0, ATI (June 1994)</li>
<li><em>Mach 64, Graphics PRO TURBO 1600, Graphics PRO TURBO, Graphics Expression, WINTURBO, WINBOOST, User's Guide</em> version 2.0, ATI (1994-95)</li>
<li><em>Getting Started... Installing Your ATI Graphics Accelerator Card</em>, version 1.0, ATI (June 1998)</li>
<li><em>Getting Started, Installing Your Graphics Accelerator Card</em>, version 4.0, ATI (June 1998)</li>
<li><em>ALL-IN-WONDER RADEON, ALL-IN-WONDER 128 PRO, ALL-IN-WONDER 128, Installation and Setup User's Guide</em>, version 4.0, ATI (2000)</li>
<li><em>REX VGA Card, R7000L Series, User's Guide</em>, version 1.0, ATI (200?)</li>
<li><em> ATI Multimedia Center User's Guide</em>, version 5.0, ATI (2000)</li>
</ul>
<strong><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">ATI publications</span></strong>
<ul>
<li><em>RED</em> magazine, issues: Spring and Fall (2006)</li>
</ul>
Subject
The topic of the resource
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://museum1.eecs.yorku.ca/www_decorations/ati_logo.jpg" alt="MCM_logo" width="20%" height="20%" border="0" /></p>
A collection of hardware manufactured and software published by ATI.
hardware
A computer (or a calculator), its components and
peripherals (displays, printers, pointing devices, modems, external storage devices, etc).
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
ATI graphics cards
Subject
The topic of the resource
computer hardware: graphics cards
Description
An account of the resource
Graphics cards and GPUs manufactured by ATI of Markham, Ontario. For full listing of ATI hardware, consult ATI Collection.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
ATI
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1986-2008
Relation
A related resource
ATI collection
-
https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/94a9748516b1a1742dd1cefa94094621.jpg
84d259a4f3199da594f5ff0d3cc6e885
hardware
A computer (or a calculator), its components and
peripherals (displays, printers, pointing devices, modems, external storage devices, etc).
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Bell Alex Display Phone
Description
An account of the resource
Bell Canada ALEX tetetext service has its roots in the popularity of teletext systems (such as the French Minitel) and in Bell's Integrated Office Systems strategy, developed in mid 1980s, to integrate office systems with communications.<br />Bell ALEX provided on-line data services through Bell's commercially available packet-switching data network called Datapac.<br /><br />ALEX service required a dedicated terminal (rented from Bell) to be installed at a customer's location (later, the service could also be accessed using home computers). The ALEX terminal was designed by Norpak Corp. of Kanata, Ontario and manufactured by Northern Telecom. As opposed to text-based teletext services such as Minitel, the display of ALEX terminal was implemented in compliance with internationally acclaimed <span class="ILfuVd"><span class="hgKElc">NAPLPS</span></span> standards (North American Presentation Level Protocol Syntax) first developed for the Canadian Telidon system. <br /><br />The ALEX service was officially launched in 1989 in Montreal (following the 1988 trials) and soon after in Toronto. Initially, the services in categories such as communication, entertainment, games, education, government, and shopping were offered. By September 1990, there were over 580 services available in Toronto area. The service was discontinued in 1994.<br /><br /><strong>The museum Bell ALEX holdings</strong>:<br />
<ul>
<li>Bell Alex terminal model NT9 G52A1, serial number 140001170</li>
<li>ALEX Magazine, Bell, Toronto, May/June and September/October 1990</li>
</ul>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Bell Canada
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Hardware
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
H.65
Contribution Form
The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form.
Online Submission
Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form.
No
Bell
display phone
-
https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/94802222e5164736ee03b17de723c77a.jpg
79784aaf2dbd983f9d373f51a884b188
https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/883a69b5cdf2a67b40e3394ffa3ca41c.jpg
d298f5146db09d6fd3fccebe1dd4b853
hardware
A computer (or a calculator), its components and
peripherals (displays, printers, pointing devices, modems, external storage devices, etc).
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
BlackBerry Porsche Design P'9981
Subject
The topic of the resource
hardware: smartphone
Description
An account of the resource
<strong>Historical Context:</strong><br />In May 2011, Research in Motion (RIM, Waterloo, Ontario) announced its new Blackberry 9900 Bold smartphone that sported an elegant slim design, enhanced keyboard, high-resolution touch-screen display, and new BlackBerry 7 operating system. Favourable reviews and positive response from users around the world soon followed. <br /><br />Half a year later (October), RIM unveiled yet another smartphone--the Blackberry Porsche Design P'9981--the result of collaboration between RIM and Porsche Design. From the technical specifications point of view, the P'9881 was the BlackBerry 9900 repackaged into a superbly designed and manufactured housing. Both smartphones used the same processor, memory, display, camera, OS and battery. What set these handhelds apart were the industrial design of the housing, target customers, and pricing. <br /><br />The P'9981 was a special edition, luxurious smartphone sold to the business elite. Porsche Design came up with a unique and arresting design implemented using the finest materials available. "It fashioned out a smartphone capable of standing apart from its peers, much in the way cars of its parent company do." wrote Vlad Savov in his 2012 review of the P'9981 smartphone. "The Porsche Design P'9981 smartphone from BlackBerry is instantly identified as a Porsche Design product." reads RIM press release from October 17, 2011. "The exclusive material choices for this unique smartphone include a forged stainless steel frame, hand-wrapped leather back cover, sculpted QWERTY keyboard, and crystal clear touch display. This customized Porsche Design P'9981 comes with an exclusive Porsche Design UI and a bespoke Wikitude World Browser augmented reality app experience. It also includes premium, executive PINs that help easily identify another P'9981 smartphone user."<br /><br />The Porsche Design P'9981 introductory price was $2,300. A limited "gold" edition (only 25 smartphones were produced!!) offered the P'9981 device in a stainless-steel case finished with a 24-carat gold layer. The limited-edition number was etched on solid 24-carat gold plate attached as the camera cover on the backside of the smartphone.<br /><br />The Porsche Design P'9981 was followed by the release of the Porsche Design P'9982 in 2013 and Porsche Design P'9983 in 2014. These new smartphones were premium makeovers of the BlackBerry Z10 and Q10 smartphones, respectively, aimed at RIM's elite customers.<br /><br /><strong>Porsche Design P'9981's Specifications:</strong><br />
<ul>
<li>Chipset Qualcomm MSM8655 Snapdragon</li>
<li>CPU 1.2GHz</li>
<li>GPU Adreno 205</li>
<li>memory: 768MB RAM, 8GB built-in media storage expandable up to 32GB with a microSD card</li>
<li>display: multi-touch, 640 x 480 pixels, 16M colors</li>
<li>data inputs: QWERTY style keyboard, optical trackpad, navigation keys, touchscreen</li>
<li>camera: 5 megapixel, with flash</li>
<li>video: 720p HD</li>
<li>audio: loudspeaker, headset jack</li>
<li>sensors: accelerometer, magnetometer, and proximity sensor</li>
<li>ports: USB microUSB v2.0</li>
<li>SIM interface: Mini-SIM</li>
<li>networks: 850/900/1800/1900 MHz GSM/GPRS/EDGE networks, 2100/1900/850/800 MHz networks, or 2100/1700/900 MHz UMTS/HSPA networks</li>
<li>Wi-Fi: 802.11 b/g/n</li>
<li>Bluetooth: v2.1, A2DP, EDR</li>
<li>built-in support for GPS (autonomous, assisted, and simultaneous) and Near Field Communications (NFC)</li>
<li>battery: <span>lithium-ion<em>, </em></span>rechargeable</li>
</ul>
<strong>External Design:</strong><br />
<ul>
<li>housing: palm-held, stainless steel frame, hand-wrapped leather back cover</li>
<li>size: 11.5cm(L) x 11.3cm(W) x 6.7cm(H) x 1.13cm(D)</li>
<li>weight: 155g</li>
</ul>
<strong>Main Features:</strong><br />
<ul>
<li>messaging: SMS(threaded view), MMS, Email, Push Email, IM</li>
<li>browser: HTML</li>
<li>media player: support for a variety of media file formats</li>
<li>mobile hot spot</li>
<li>personal organizer, tasks, memos, contacts</li>
<li>voice enabled search</li>
<li>social networking and mobile purchasing: BlackBerry App World, Social Feeds, Facebook for BlackBerry smartphones, Twitter for BlackBerry smartphones</li>
<li>media server: wirelessly sharing media files from a smartphone with Universal Plug and Play compatible devices</li>
<li>GPS, Compass, Maps</li>
<li>calculator</li>
<li>notification: vibration, LED light; MP3, WAV ringtones</li>
<li>security: password protection, two-factor authentication, keyboard and screen lock</li>
<li>BlackBerry ID: to provide single sign-in identity across BlackBerry products, sites, services, and apps</li>
<li>customized options</li>
</ul>
<strong>Software:</strong><br />
<ul>
<li>operating system: BlackBerry v.7.0 and 7.1</li>
<li>BlackBerry Desktop Software v.6.1</li>
</ul>
<br />The museum has a Porsche Design P'9981 with <em>Porsche Design Smartphone P'9981 User Guide v 7</em>.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Research in Motion (RIM)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2011
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
donated by Abdulaziz Almowanes
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
M01
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
world, 2011--
blackberry
porsche
RIM
-
https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/7ff5edb2f08d783b6dba99ab6cb7f711.jpg
8ed6f3e3cb9884d19b1b0c607c1d5a6c
https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/b3886aaeec28e27ef06d888eb559f37e.png
28ce30e0bd7d86f5aca56a32a5b6e20e
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Northern Electric<span class="lhLbod gEBHYd">—</span>Nortel Networks Collection
Subject
The topic of the resource
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://museum1.eecs.yorku.ca/www_decorations/Nortel_Logo.png" alt="Nortel_logo" width="25%" height="25%" border="0" /></p>
The collection is dedicated to the corporate history of Northern Electric and Manufacturing, Northern Electric, Northern Telecom, Bell-Northern Research, and Nortel Networks.
Description
An account of the resource
Northern Electric and Manufacturing Company was founded in Montreal, Quebec, in 1895. It's main business was the manufacturing of telephone equipment for Bell Telephone Company of Canada.<br /><br />In 1914, the Northern Electric and Manufacturing Company merged with the Imperial Wire and Cable Company of Montreal to form the Northern Electric Company. Although the new company's main business continued to be telecommunication equipment, Northern Electric also ventured into consumer electronics market manufacturing radios, television sets, console radio-phonographs, hi-fi amplifiers, and so on.<br /><br />In 1971, Northern Electric and Bell Canada formed Bell-Northern Research (BNR) <span class="lhLbod gEBHYd">—</span> an Ottawa-based telecommunications research and development company. Around the same time, Northern Electric introduced its first electronic PBX (Private Branch Exchange <span class="lhLbod gEBHYd">—</span> a private telephone network used within a company or organization) named the SG-1. Four years later, BNR introduced the SL-1 PBX which was the world's first all-digital PBX aimed at medium-sized businesses. <br /><br />In 1976, Northern Electric Company changed its name to Northern Telecom Limited and the company focused its operations exclusively on fully digital telecommunications products. Northern Telecom was the first company in its industry to deliver a complete line of fully digital telecommunications products. Its SL-1 became the world’s most successful PBX and, by 1991, the company was the world’s largest PBX supplier offering its Meridian communication systems line.<br /><br />In 1998, the company's name was changed to Nortel Networks to emphasize its focus on networking solutions for telecommunication over the Internet and other communications networks.<br /><br />In 2009, the company filed for bankruptcy protection.<br /><br />
<p><b>Abbreviations:</b></p>
<ul>
<li>BNR: Bell-Northern Research Ltd.</li>
<li>WC: W. Clipsham</li>
<li>NT: Northern Telecom</li>
<li>NOR: Nortel Networks</li>
<li>WEC: Western Electric Company</li>
<li>WB: items donated by Walter Banks</li>
<li>KB: items donated by Keith Brickman</li>
<li>HB: items donated by Henry Wiebe</li>
<li>GR: items donated by Greg Reynolds</li>
<li>ZS: items donated by Zbigniew Stachniak</li>
<li>JM: items donated by John Morden</li>
<li>RR: donated by Robert Roden</li>
<li>SC: items donated by Stanley Chow</li>
<li>DC: items donated by David Cuddy</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"> <strong>HARDWARE </strong></span></span>
<ul>
<li>Digital Multiplex Switching System DMS-100 schematic diagram, Northern Telecom, 1979-1980 [SC]</li>
<li>BNR XMS (e<strong>X</strong>tended <strong>M</strong>ulticomputer <strong>S</strong>ystem) workstation with two built-in 8" floppy drives [SC]</li>
<li>BNR XMS workstation (prototype?)</li>
<li>Two external 8" floppy diskette drives for the BNR XMS workstation[SC]</li>
<li>Northern Telecom/Nortel Passport 50 DS1 MVPE module, [GR]</li>
<li>Nortel Networks Passport 50 E3A FP module, [GR]</li>
<li>Nortel Networks Passport 50 OC3S FP module, [GR]</li>
<li>Nortel Networks Passport 50 CP module, [GR]</li>
<li>Nortel's 1 MEG Modem, NTEX35AA, [ZS]</li>
<li>Nortel Display Phone</li>
<li>Northern Electric paper calculator, 1973 [JM]</li>
<li>Dual NAND silicon microcircuit, Northern Electric, 1960s? [RR]</li>
<li>Northern Telecom Alex videotex terminal, 1988</li>
<li>Northern Telecom Displayphone telephone and data terminal, 1981</li>
<li>Northern Telecom Displayphone 220 telephone and data terminal, 1987</li>
<li>Nortel Europa smartphone [DC]</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"> <strong>Corporate Documents </strong></span></span>
<ul>
<li>Northern Electric Company incorporation documents (original), 1914. [Nortel]</li>
<li>Northern Telecom worldwide senior management structure, May 1983, [KB]</li>
<li>Northern Telecom Inc., Major Business Units, May 1, 1985, [KB]</li>
<li>Northern Electric Organization structure, September 1972. [KB]</li>
<li>A file of Northern Telecom and BNR Human Resources publications and documents, 1979-1988</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"> <strong>NEWSLETTERS and MAGAZINES </strong></span></span>
<ul>
<li><i>Northern Circuit</i>, Northern Electric, Spring 1965. [KB]</li>
<li><i>Northern News</i>, Northern Electric, vol. 44, no. 7 (1969). [JM]</li>
<li><i>The Networks</i>, Northern Electric, September 1973. [JM]</li>
<li><i>telesis,</i> BNR <br />issues: vol. 3, no. 2 (1973) [WB]; vol. 4, no. 3 (1975); vol 4., no. 1 (1976) [WC]; vol. 5, no. 2 (1977) and no. 9 (1978) [WB]; vol. 6, no. 1 (1979) [WB]; vol. 8, no. 4 (1981); vol. 12, no. 1 and 2 (1985) [WC, DC]; issues 92, 93 (1991), 98 (1994). [WC]</li>
<li><i>the</i>, Northern Electric, Ottawa, issue 2 (1969), 4, 5 (1970). [WC]</li>
<li><i>Miscellany</i>, BNR, vol. 2, 3 (1987), 4, 5 (1988), 6, 7 (1989). [WC]</li>
<li><i>Printed Circuit</i>, Northern Telecom at Bramalea vol. 18, no. 7 (1991). [JM]</li>
<li><i>Lachine Journal</i>, Northern Telecom at Lachine, no. 5 (1992). [JM]</li>
<li><i>Network news</i>, Northern Telecom, May 1992. [JM]</li>
<li><i>Between-Us</i>, Northern Telecom at Lachine and Laurentian no. 4 (1993). [JM]</li>
<li>Protel Technical Notes, BNR, Language Development Group; issues: vol. 1, nr. 1--7, 1980.</li>
<li>Data Packet, Data Networks Division, Northern Telecom, vol. 2, issue 3 )198?) [WC]</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"> <strong>MANUALS, USER GUIDES, REPORTS, PROMOTIONAL MATERIAL</strong></span></span> <br /><strong>1940-1949</strong>
<ul>
<li><i>No. 1 Crossbar Dial Telephone System, Photographs,</i> Educational Bulletin No. 2.5, WEC, December 1947. [HW]</li>
</ul>
<strong>1950-1959</strong>
<ul>
<li><i>No. 5 Crossbar Dial Telephone System, Completion of a Call,</i> Educational Bulletin No. 2.5 B-1, WEC, April 1954. [HW]</li>
<li><i>The Step-By-Step Dial Telephone System, Telephone System Training, Lesson No. 3,</i> No. 2.5 B-1, WEC, June 1954. [HW]</li>
</ul>
<strong>1960-1969</strong>
<ul>
<li>E.H. Lanham, <i>A Brief Story of the Growth, Evolution, and Expansion of Telephone Systems from the Magneto Era to the Present</i>, Technical Memorandum TM 8161-2-64, Northern Electric, December 31st, 1964.</li>
<li><i>Toronto Works, Telephone Directory</i>, Northern Electric Company, Switching Division, 1 November 1966 [WBr] 1 Nov. 1966. [HB] Preliminary Version, IPSA (29 November, 1970) [WK].</li>
</ul>
<strong>1970-1979</strong>
<ul>
<li><i>Time to switch... SP-1 electronic switching systems</i>, Northern Electric, October 1973. [JM]</li>
<li><i>Datapac: Standard Network Access Protocol</i>, Trans-Canada Telephone System, 30 November, 1974. [WC]</li>
<li><i>Datapac: Overview, Trans-Canada Telephone System</i>, 1974? [WC]</li>
<li><em>Datapac: Four papers presented to the Third International Conference on Computer Communications</em>, Toronto, Canada (August 1976). [WC]</li>
<li><i>An Introduction to GRAPPLE Programming</i>, ver. 4.21, BNR 13490, July 1974. [WB]</li>
<li><i>GRAPPLE Console Users Manual</i>, ver. 1.0, BNR(?), 18 June, 1975. [WB]</li>
<li><i>GRAPPLE Language Reference Manual</i>, ver. 5.10, BNR 13500, June 1975. [WB]</li>
<li><i>Datapac: Standard Network Access Protocol Specification</i>, Trans-Canada Telephone System, 1976. [WC]</li>
<li><i>Datapac: Four papers presented to the Third International Conference on Computer Communications, Toronto, August 1976</i>, Trans-Canada Telephone System, 1976. [WC]</li>
<li>W. Clipsham, SL10 Data Network Processor: General Description, BNR, Issue 1, September 1976. [WC]</li>
<li>D. Drynan, SL10 Data Network Processor: Trunk System, BNR, February 1977. [WC]</li>
<li><i>Integrated Software Engineering System: Cost-Benefit Analysis</i>, BNR, November 1978. [WC]</li>
<li><i>Integrated Software Engineering System: Overview</i>, BNR, November 1979. [WC]</li>
<li><i>Integrated Software Engineering System: System Requirements Specification</i>, BNR, November 1979. [WC]</li>
</ul>
<strong>1980-1989</strong>
<ul>
<li><i>Introducing a major advancement in the evolution of the telephone: Displayphone, </i>promotional brochure, Northern Telecom, April 1981 [DC]</li>
<li><em>Does your telecommunications system give you access to your internal database?</em> Displayphone promotional brochure, Northern Telecom, 198? [DC]</li>
<li>SL-1 Displayphone promotional brochure, Northern Telecom, 198? [DC]</li>
<li><i>Displayphone User Guide, </i>Northern Telecom, February 1982 [ZS]</li>
<li><i>Displayphone User Guide, </i>Northern Telecom, issue 3 [ZS]</li>
<li><i>Displayphone 220 User Guide, </i>Northern Telecom, 1987 [ZS]</li>
<li><em>ALEX Installation Guide</em>, Northern Telecom, issue 1 [ZS]</li>
<li><i>DMS-100 System Description, </i>BNR, 1986. [SC]</li>
<li><i>Writing Handbook</i>, BNR, 1987. [WC]</li>
<li><i>DPN: Data Networking System Reference Handbook</i>, Northern Telecom, 1986. [WC]</li>
<li><em>DMS-100/200 NT-40 Instruction Set</em>, BNR, 1987. [SC]</li>
<li>H. Johnson, <em>Object-Oriented Programming in PROTEL</em> (draft), BNR, 1988. [SC]</li>
<li><em>H. Johnson, An Object-Oriented Language Based on PROTEL</em> (draft), BNR, 1989. [SC]</li>
<li><i>DPN-100: Data Networking Reference Handbook</i>, Northern Telecom, 1988. [WC]</li>
<li>B. Baker, <em>Multiprocessing Core for DMS</em>, BNR, 1989. [SC]</li>
<li><i>Telephony</i>, BNR, Technical Educational Department, 198?</li>
<li><em>Meridian M4020 Integrated Terminal: Bringing integrated data and voice to the desktop</em>, Northern Telecom, 1985. [DC]</li>
</ul>
<strong>1990-</strong>
<ul>
<li><i>DPN-100/500: Data Networking General Description</i>, Release 1.0, BNR, February 11, 1990. [WC]</li>
<li><i>DPN: Data Networking System</i>, BNR, October 1990. [WC]</li>
<li><em>Advaced Telephone Terminals Design: Driving the Development of Next-Generation Terminals</em>, Nortel-Northern Telecom, July 1997. [DC]</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"> <strong>PAPERS and OTHER PUBLICATIONS<br /></strong></span>
<ul>
<li>W.A. Depp and W.H.T. Holden, Circuits for Cold Cathode Glow Tubes, <em>Bell Telephone System Technical Publications, Monograph</em> B-1685, compliments of Northern Electric, 1949. Originally published in <em>Electrical Manufacturing</em>, vol. 44, pp. 92-97 (1949).</li>
<li>J.H. Felker, Typical block diagram for a digital computer, <em>Bell Telephone System Technical Publications, Monograph</em> 2046, compliments of Northern Electric, 1952. Originally published in <em>Transactions of American Institute of Electrical Engineers</em>, vol. 71, part 1 (1952), pp. 175-182.</li>
<li>Datapac and the SL-10 Packet Switching System: Selected Published Papers, 1976-79, BNR.</li>
<li>M. Fridrich and W. Older, Helix: The Architecture of the XMS Distributed File System, reprint with the permission from IEEE Software (May 1985). [SC]</li>
<li>N. Gammage and L. Casey, XMS: A Rendezvous-Based Distributed System Software Architecture, reprint with the permission from IEEE Software (May 1985). [SC]</li>
<li><i>Northern Telecom: The Anatomy of Transformation, 1985--1995</i>, Nortel/Northern Telecom (November 1996). [WC]</li>
<li>H. Johnson, PROTEL A programming Language for Large Real-Time Applications, publisher: ? (1984).</li>
<li><i>SINC Network Description, SINC Technical Document</i>, Bell/BNR SINC Design Team (October 31, 1974). [WC]</li>
<li><i>DPN Technical Papers 1985-1986</i>, BNR. [WC]</li>
<li>W.W. Clipsham, F.E. Glave, and M.L. Narraway, Datapac Network Overview, <i>Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Computer Communication</i>, P.K. Verma (ed), Toronto. 3-6 August 1976; the material includes memos and slides prepared for the presentation. [WC]</li>
<li><i>The BNR Network (</i>197?) [WC]</li>
<li>I. Cunningham, <i>Host to Network Protocol for the Bell-Northern Research Network</i>, version 1.2, BNR (October 1973). [WC]</li>
<li>B. Clipsham et al, <i>First Level Protocol for a Data Switch</i>, version V, August 14, 1972, CASE: R3777. [WC]</li>
<li>C.C. Martel, I.M. Cunningham, and M.S. Grushcow, <i>The BNR Network: A Canadian Experience with Packet Switching Technology</i>, BNR. [WC]</li>
<li>N. Dam, D. Schenkel, and W.Prater, <em>Micro-SNAP - An X.25 Microcomputer System, </em>MSNAP-BNR (197?) [WC]</li>
<li>B. Hobbs, Chrysalis: Transforming The Way We Do Business, <em>Northern Telecom</em> S321 (September 19, 1991). [JM]</li>
<li>32 photographs of the Northern Telecom constructions at 8200 Dixie Rd. taken between February 23 and December 8, 1987. [JM]</li>
<li>Four photographs of the Northern Electric Calgary Cable Plant, 19?? [JM]</li>
<li>Various promotional Nortel Networks brochures, 1995--2003. [ZS]</li>
</ul>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
BNR XMS Workstations
Subject
The topic of the resource
computer hardware: workstation
Description
An account of the resource
<strong>Historical Context</strong><br />(by Z. Stachniak)<br /><br />In 1971, Bell Canada and Northern Electric (renamed Northern Telecom in 1976) established Bell-Northern Research (BNR) -- a common telecommunications research and development entity. BNR played a crucial role in Northern's evolution into a leading global provider of fully digital telecommunications solutions. In 1975, Northern launched the BNR-designed SL-1 -- the first digital switching system in commercial service. Four years later, Northern introduced the DMS-100 digital switch, which seamlessly integrated switching and transmission capabilities (DMS: digital multiplex switch). The widespread adoption of the DMS-100 propelled Northern to the forefront of the global telecommunications industry.<br /><br />The experience gained during the design of the DMS-100 prompted BNR to establish a Computing Technology Development Group in 1979. As described in [2], the group's objectives were:<br />
<ul>
<li>creating the foundational computing components for Northern Telecom's future products;</li>
<li>developing tools essential for software development for these products;</li>
<li>exploring emerging computing technology trends and ensuring a continuous flow of relevant technologies into BNR's operations.</li>
</ul>
Initially, the Computing Technology Development Group, informally referred to as the XMS group, was comprised of Peter Cashin, who previously led the original core development team for the DMS computer systems, Neil Gammage (systems software: OS and systems), Jean Jervis (systems software: OS), Ragui Kamel (software: compilers), Bill Williams (software architecture), and Rick Workman (hardware/software integration). Shortly thereafter, Liam Casey (distributed software architecture) and Kerry Zoehner (file systems) joined the group. Over time, the XMS group expanded to include more than 100 engineers primarily based in Ottawa.<br /><br />The primary task of the group involved researching and defining hardware and software architectures that could form the basis of a distributed computing network to support the development of future BNR products. The resulting architecture, named XMS (eXtended Multicomputer System), was defined as a cluster of processing nodes (such as workstations, file servers, communication servers, printing servers, etc.) interconnected by a single high-speed local area network and operated under concurrent software. As articulated in [2], "XMS creates a single, powerful system from loosely coupled microcomputers. Programs work together across nodes, making systemwide resource management transparent and distributed-system design simpler." Detailed information regarding both the hardware and software architectures of XMS can be found in [1] and [2].<br /><br />The first XMS system was deployed at BNR in 1981. It was the XMS Software Development Environment (SDE) whose main purpose was to provide the computing facilities and resources essential for supporting XMS-based projects. The system comprised several XMS personal workstations, a file server, a print server, and a communications server. The majority of XMS SDE software was developed using BNR Pascal. This language, an extension of UCSD Pascal (designed at the University of California, San Diego), incorporated ADA-like tasks and concurrency features implemented in XMS. Alongside XMS system software and the BNR Pascal, the SDE environment featured a robust file system called Helix and an array of software development utility programs, including:<br />
<ul>
<li>editors: text and graphics editors,</li>
<li>software development tools: compilers, assemblers, dissassemblers, linkers, etc.,</li>
<li>analysis tools: debuggers, profilers, test tools, cross referencers, etc.</li>
<li>document preparation package: support for text and graphics, spellcheckers, index generator,</li>
<li>LAN communication: messaging and bulletin board,</li>
<li>IBM communication: passthrough and file transfer,</li>
<li>project management tools: source management, problem database and project tracking.</li>
</ul>
The XMS was a proprietary platform. Although built from commercially available components, initially it could not take advantage of commercially available software, or engaging external development groups. In response, the XMS group developed a facility called Distributed Unix (or DUX), enabling the loading and execution of Unix applications within the XMS system.<br /><br />The SDE offered a robust and adaptable environment for software development. It also demonstrated the effectiveness of the XMS platform when combined with suitable software. As emphasized in [1], "A major benefit of the deployment of XMS SDE systems has been the designer's ability to both develop and test systems on the same hardware."<br /><br />According to data provided in [2], by 1985, approximately 2,000 workstations in 25 XMS networks were operational across 15 geographic locations spanning from California to Europe. However, despite numerous successful applications of the XMS platforms, such as the Nortel Meridian PBX family, significant factors ultimately led to the decline of XMS developments at BNR. In the February 2024 interview for the Centre for Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science, University of Auckland, Peter Cashin summarized the root cause of the disbanding of the XMS group in the late 1980s as follows:<br /><br /> <em>The [XMS] project was technically successful... We thought we had a </em><em>better solution<br /> than Unix, with nice multi-computer inter-process </em><em>messaging...</em><br /><br /><em> But the writing was on the wall, the use of C and Unix was spreading, </em><em>and the<br /> commercial computing industry was going to be able to supply </em><em>the needs for<br /> telecom. The necessity for our own hardware was gone, </em><em>and the advantages<br /> of our own systems software was shrinking. It was </em><em>a computer industry opportunity, <br /> and Nortel made the decision that it </em><em>was not getting into the computer business.</em><br /><br /><strong>The XMS Workstations</strong><br /><br />The XMS SDE systems utilized workstations designed at BNR by John Perry. These workstations were conceived to function as development platforms as well as the foundation for future products. Over the course of the XMS project, four distinct models were developed. Each of these models was built around a microprocessor from the Motorola 68000 family. Initially, all XMS prototypes and models 1 and 2 featured the Motorola 68000-x microprocessors. However, in later iterations, models 3 and 4 incorporated the Motorola 68010 and 68020 CPUs. For external storage, the workstations initially relied on 8" floppy drives but later also incorporating a 10M-Byte Winchester hard disk. User interaction was facilitated through a standalone video display terminal, which provided both keyboard input and display.<br /><br />
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Model</th>
<th>CPU</th>
<th>ROM</th>
<th>RAM</th>
<th>external<br />storage</th>
<th>display/<br />keyboard</th>
<th>exp.<br />slots</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>0</td>
<td>MC6800-06</td>
<td>65,536 bits<br />MM2716<br />eproms</td>
<td>4 SIP-like<br />memory cards<br />294,912 bits each,<br />AM9016 RAMs</td>
<td>two 8" floppy<br />disk drives</td>
<td>external<br />terminal</td>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>MC6800-08</td>
<td>137,072 bits<br />HN462732G<br />eproms</td>
<td>4 memory cards<br />1,179,648 bits each,<br />HM4864-2 RAMs</td>
<td>two 8" floppy<br />disk drives</td>
<td>external<br />terminal</td>
<td>8</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<strong>Table</strong>: Technical specifications of one of the XMS prototypes ("model 0") and of model 2. <br /><br /><strong>Museum Holdings</strong><br /><br />
<ul>
<li>XMS prototype ("model 0", second image below),</li>
<li>XMS Model 2 (first image below),</li>
<li>8" floppy disk drive (x 2) for XMS mode 1,</li>
<li>other related items are listed in the Nortel archive.</li>
</ul>
<br /><br /><strong>Bibliography</strong><br /><br />[1] Gammage N. and Casey, L., XMS: A Rendezvous-Based Distributed System Software Architecture, <em>IEEE Software</em>, vol. 2, no. 3 (1985), pp. 9-19.<br /><br />[2] Kamel, R.F., Software Development in a Distributed Environment: The XMS System, In: Conradi, R., Didriksen, T.M., Wanvik, D.H. (eds) <br /><em>Advanced Programming Environments,</em> Springer LNCS, vol 244 (1987), pp. 126-141.<br /><br />[3] Cashin, P. and Carpenter, B.E., <em>An Overseas Experience with Hypertext and Packet Switching</em>, CDMTCS-577, Centre for Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand (February 2024).
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1980s, North America, Europe
-
https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/28dd30e28d7cf0ad71142f63b4ef207b.jpg
b0b72f7aa9115302c112a316ec01e8d7
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Burroughs Bookkeeping Machine
Subject
The topic of the resource
hardware: electromechanical calculator
Description
An account of the resource
<strong>Historical context</strong><br />(by Z. Stachniak)<br /><br />The industrial revolution of the 19th century brought new manufacturing methods and with them the ability to produce high quality precision instruments and mechanical devices in large quantities. The first typewriters appeared in the early 19th century and the first wave of useful calculators soon after in Europe and a few decades later in America.<br /><br />America entered the age of mechanical calculators in late 19th century, much later than Europe. When major European countries were undergoing extensive industrialization, the United States was still primarily involved in agriculture while Canada was not even on the map as a country. The Civil War of 1861-1865 did not help with the industrialization either, delaying the effects of the industrial revolution on the North American continent for a decade.<br /><br />It was not until after the Civil War when new forms of manufacturing (steam-powered) allowed the American industry to grow and spread across the nation. It was at that time, when a vibrant office equipment industry was created with calculator manufacturing centers in cities such as Chicago, Detroit, St. Louis, and Philadelphia. Large businesses, agencies, and institutions were expanding fast, putting more and more people into their offices. It quickly became evident that ever increasing number of calculation tasks could not be handled cost-effectively without appropriate calculating aids. <br /><br />While American institutions were looking for efficient ways for conducting their business, inventors and entrepreneurs were determined to supply them with all sorts of office gadgets. Two individuals—Dorr E. Felt and William S. Burroughs—played a key role in establishing the calculator industry. Both were determined to provide businesses with just the right kind of calculators: fast, accurate, easy to operate and, in the case of Burroughs' calulators, with printing capabilities. In the end, they created calculator empires that dominated the American calculator market well into the next century.<br /><br />When William S. Burroughs was working as a bank clerk, he envisioned the process of tedious arithmetic operations mechanized to such a degree that the results would also be automatically printed on paper. In the end, Burroughs not only designed such a machine—the Arithmometer (1884)—but also co-founded American Arithmometer Company in St. Louis to manufacture it. By the end of the 1800s, his company was successfully selling several hundred machines a year.<br /><br />In 1917, Burroughs Adding Machine Company of Detroit (formerly American Arithmometer Company of St. Louis) opened its Canadian subsidiary in Windsor, Ontario. Three years later, the Canadian branch moved to the newly constructed facility in Windsor at the corner of McDougall St. and Elliott St. Over the years, the Canadian subsidiary manufactured several calculators including motor-driven adding and listing Bookkeeping Machine and a range of portable adding machines.<br /><br /><strong>Burroughs Bookkeeping Machines<br /></strong><br />The Burroughs Bookkeeping Machines were some of the most impressive adding machines made. Although they were large and heavy, their bevelled glass walls on three sides allowed viewing of their internal mechanical operations during calculations, certainly aimed at creating a "WOW" effect with a machine priced at between $615 to $715. The calculators offered between 6 to 17 columns of keys, a numeric display, and a printing mechanism with a wide carriage featuring a paper length setting and an end of page bell. <br /><br />These calculator could perform addition only. The multiplication could be done by repeated additions. Apart from numeric keys, Burroughs Bookkeeping Machines offered several "function" keys. A column could be cleared by pressing the red key at the top of that column. Other keys were designed to clear the entire keyboard, to perform repeated additions for multiplication, to calculate total and subtotal results as well as other functions depending on the calculator's model. <br /><br />Several options were provided including electric drive that eliminated manual use of a crank handle to perform calculations. This option offered a tabular steel frame with the motor and gearbox mounted underneath.<br /><br /><strong>Museum holdings</strong><br />
<ul>
<li>Burroughs Bookkeeping Machine (17 columns, electric), model/serial number C2-1286030, manufactured by Burroughs Adding Machine Company of Canada, Windsor, Ontario,</li>
<li>Burroughs Portable Adding Machine, model/serial number 03-370060, manufactured by Burroughs Adding Machine Company of Canada (?)</li>
</ul>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Burroughs Adding Machine Company of Canada
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1920s(?)
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
The calculator was donated by Unisys Canada Inc. in 2016
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
World, the early 1900s
calculator
-
https://museum.eecs.yorku.ca/files/original/f5867db03a8602668c4b6b07696308cc.jpg
4358682b35dec595d9691fca83a72060
hardware
A computer (or a calculator), its components and
peripherals (displays, printers, pointing devices, modems, external storage devices, etc).
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Commodore 202 adding machine
Subject
The topic of the resource
hardware: electric calculator
Description
An account of the resource
<strong>Historical context</strong><br /><br />Commodore International Ltd. (or Commodore) was one of the world's largest manufacturers of electronic hand-held calculators as well as home, educational, and business microcomputers. It was best known for its popular personal computers including the PET line of personal desktops as well as the VIC-20, Commodore 64, and the Amiga computers. It was founded on October 10, 1958 as Commodore Portable Typewriter Company Limited in Toronto, Ontario. Two years later, the company incorporated its Commodore Business Machines subsidiary in New York. In 1976, Commodore reorganized its corporate structure as Commodore International Ltd. and moved its financial headquarters to the Bahamas and the operations headquarters to Pennsylvania. The restructured company encompassed several entities world-wide including Commodore Business Machines Ltd., Canada. <br /><br />In 1947, the company's founder<span class="MUxGbd wuQ4Ob WZ8Tjf">—</span>Jack Tramiel<span class="MUxGbd wuQ4Ob WZ8Tjf">—</span>emigrated from Poland to the US. During his US army service (1948-51) he gained considerable experience in repairing office equipment which he turned into business in his civilian life, first in Bronx, New York, and later in Toronto, Canada, where he moved in 1955.<br /><br />His Toronto business was initially focused on repairs and selling licensed typewriters, adding machines, and other office equipment. Initially located at 2 Toronto Street, in the city's downtown core, a short distance from the IBM Toronto Downtown Office, the company relocated several times before establishing its headquarters at 946 Warden Ave, Scarborough, Ont.<br /><br />During the 1960s the scope of Commodore's business expanded to office furniture as well as to electric and eventually electronic calculators. The first Commodore-branded adding machine was the model C mechanical calculator manufactured by a Czechoslovakian company Nisa and sold by Commodore around 1960. The first exclusive Commodore adding machine<span class="MUxGbd wuQ4Ob WZ8Tjf">—</span>the 202<span class="MUxGbd wuQ4Ob WZ8Tjf">—</span>was announced in 1967. The following year, the company began to turn its focus toward electronic desktop and, soon after, hand-held calculators.<br /><br />Commodore entered the market of hand-held electronic calculators in late 1970s with its CBM 110 device. Within months, the company introduced what would become a popular series of Minuteman calculators. That series, in turn, was followed by the "SR" and "SF" line of scientific and financial hand-held calculators. By the mid-1970s, Commodore was selling a wide range of electronic calculators, becoming one of the largest American manufacturers of these devices.<br /><br />Commodore's entry into microcomputer market was, to a large degree, the result of fierce price war in the calculator market that started in late 1973, and the decision of Texas Instruments<span class="MUxGbd wuQ4Ob WZ8Tjf">—</span>one of the main suppliers of calculator chips<span class="MUxGbd wuQ4Ob WZ8Tjf">—</span>to enter the calculator market and to compete with its clients. To stay competitive and independent of third parties for the chips and displays that went into its products, Commodore purchased MOS Technology in 1976. With the acquisition came not only MOS integrated circuits (most notably the 6502 microprocessor) but also Chuck Peddle's<span class="MUxGbd wuQ4Ob WZ8Tjf">—</span>the 6502's chief designer's<span class="MUxGbd wuQ4Ob WZ8Tjf">—</span>considerable technical expertise and impeccable sense of changing trends in electronics market. While at MOS, he built the KIM-1 single-board computer that quickly became popular among computer hobbyists. Peddle urged Commodore not to underestimate the market potential for mass-manufactured microcomputers and his team got permission to go ahead with a project of designing a desktop computer around the 6502 processor. The all-in-one Commodore PET (or Personal Electronic Transactor) was introduced in 1977. It was successfully marked world-wide, which opened the door into the consumer electronics market for the company's next best sellers: the VIC-20 introduced in 1980, and the Commodore 64 unveiled in 1982.<br /><br />By 1983, in just 25 years, a small downtown Toronto typewriter sales and repair shop was transformed into one of the most revered personal computer companies in the world, shipping more units world-wide than any other computer company. However, the departure of Tramiel from Commodore in 1984 marked the beginning of the company's downfall. Commodore was loosing grounds to the IBM PC and Apple Macintosh platforms. The purchase of Amiga and the sales of its aging fleet of 8-bit computers sustained the company for a while but eventually, in 1994, Commodore began its liquidation.<br /><br /><strong>Commodore 202 description</strong><br /><br />The Commodore 202 was possibly the first adding machine sold exclusively by the company. It was announced in 1967 and manufactured by a Japanese company Ricoh which previously built the 201 adding machine for Commodore. The award-winning case design for the adder was created by Thomas McGourty of Commodore. The 202 featured a built-in column indicator (recording the number of digits pressed) and a printer.<br />
<ul>
<li>Operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, credit balance, automatic total and sub-total, automatic repeat key for repeat addition, subtraction, and multiplication,</li>
<li> column indicator : 10 digit, mechanical,</li>
<li>printing mechanism: 10 column list, eleven column total, red and black printing,</li>
<li>keyboard: 17 keys including "clear", single, double, and triple "0" keys,</li>
<li>power: AC only.</li>
</ul>
<strong>Museum holdings</strong><br />
<ul>
<li>Commodore 202 adder, serial nr. B-152639.</li>
</ul>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1967
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Ricoh and Commodore International Ltd.
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
North America, Europe, late 1960s -- early 1970s
adder
calculator